Read the following international words and give their Russian equivalents.

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TEXT 4. MY HOME

I would like to tell you a few words about my home. To begin with, I want to tell you that I live in Odessa. Our city is comparatively young, but it is famous for being the biggest seaport of Ukraine and a popular sea resort. It is a crossroads of cultures, languages and trade.

Our family lives in a new flat in one of the largest newly built residential areas. We moved into our flat seven years ago. It is a three-room flat on the fifth floor of an eight-storey building. It consists of a living-room, a study, a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom, two closets and a lavatory. There are two balconies in our flat: the first one is in the living-room, and the second one is in the bedroom. Our flat has all modern conveniences: central heating, running cold and hot water, electricity, telephone and gas. Besides, there is a lift and a chute in our building. The layout is very good. I must admit. The rooms are light, though not very large. In my opinion, it’s quite a modern-looking flat. The windows face the park in front of the building and the view is really wonderful.

Our living-room is quite a big room of about 19 square metres. It is the largest room in our flat. My parents don’t like much furniture in the house, so in the living-room there are two comfortable armchairs, a sofa, a coffee-table and a nice thick carpet on the floor. Opposite the window there is a wall unit, but it doesn’t take much space in the room. Of course there is a colour TV set, a stereo tape-recorder and a DVD in the living-room. A nice chandelier is hanging from the ceiling and there is a standard lamp to the left of the sofa. During the day. the light comes in through the window, but at night, when it gets dark, we switch on the light and draw the curtains across the windows. We like to receive our guests in this room.

Now I would like to describe our study. At first it was my daddy’s room, but as 1 grew older, it became mine. To tell you the truth. I am very happy to have a room for myself, that’s why I always try to keep it tidy. There is a sofa, a writing table, a bookcase and a wardrobe in my room. On the wall there are some shelves full of English. Ukrainian and Russian books. There is a radio set on the shelf and. I must confess. I like to listen to the wireless in the evening. The dressing-table is next to the sofa. In the chest of drawers I keep clean linen and handkerchiefs and in the wardrobe I keep my clothes, which I hang on coat-hangers. I have two water-colours on the wall above the sofa. They are nice copies of my favourite paintings by Serov.

My parents’ bedroom is the smallest room in our flat, but it is very cosy. There is a double bed with a bedside table, a bracket and my parents’ wardrobe in this room. There are also some beautiful houseplants on the windowsill.

But the most popular and favourite place for all of us is the kitchen, as we spend most of our time there. We all are not big-eaters, but we use the kitchen as a place where we can have a chat about our problems and life. In the kitchen there are some chairs, a table, a cupboard, a sink with water taps, a fridge and a gas cooker. Of course, we usually have our meals there.

We like our flat very much. It is also important that our house is rather close to the bus station and we can easily get to any place we like.

UNIT III. CIVIL ENGINEERING

Words to be remembered:

structure – конструкция, сооружение

construction – строительство, сооружение,конструкция

design – проект, чертеж, дизайн

engineering – конструирование, инженерное искусство

civil engineering – гражданское строительство

structural engineering – проектирование зданий исооружений

material engineering – материаловедение

residential structure – жилое сооружение

housing – жилищное строительство

technique – технические приемы/методы

water supply system – система водоснабжения

sewerage – канализация, водоотведение

manufacture – производство, изготовление

construction site – строительная площадка

frame – каркас; рама

maintenance – техническое обслуживание, осуществление профилактического ремонта

installation – установка, монтаж

demolition – демонтаж или снос здания (сооружения)

storey (floor) – этаж

draft – чертеж, эскиз

drawing – чертеж, рисунок

computer simulation – компьютерное моделирование

masonry – каменная или кирпичная кладка

requirement (demand) – требование, потребность

 strength – прочность

durability – прочность, долговечность

safety – безопасность

 responsibility – ответственность

corrosion – коррозия, ржавление

fire protection – противопожарная защита

availability – наличие, пригодность

tender documents – тендерная документация

bill of quantities – предварительная смета строительных работ

structural engineer – инженер-проектировщик

customer – покупатель, заказчик

client – клиент, заказчик

contractor – подрядчик

advantage – преимущество, выгода

disadvantage – недостаток

automation – автоматизация

robotics – робототехника

casting – отливание; литье металла

welding – сварка

convenient – удобный

to assemble – собирать, монтировать

to disassemble – разбирать, демонтировать

to finish – отделывать, заканчивать, обрабатывать

 to equip – оборудовать

to transfer – передавать/переносить (нагрузку)

to carry out – выполнять

to make decision – принимать решение

to take into consideration (account) – принимать во внимание, учитывать

to estimate load – рассчитывать нагрузку

TEXT 1. CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineeringdescribes the profession of designing andexecuting structural works helping to make our world a better place to live. As the technological revolution expands, as the world’s population increases, and as problems with environment are multiplied, civil engineering skills will be needed throughout the world. This branch of engineering covers different areas including the design and construction of buildings and houses, dams, tunnels, bridges, canals, sanitation systems, also the stationary parts of transportation systems – highways, airports, port facilities, and roadbeds Fig.12                          for railroads.

It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including architectural engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water supply and sewerage engineering, material engineering, offshore engineering*, aerospace engineering, construction surveying, and some others. Each of these areas involves different duties and different uses of engineers’ knowledge and experience.

Environmental Engineering.The skills of environmentalengineers have become increasingly important as we protect our natural resources. Environmental engineers transform physical, chemical and biological processes into systems to destroy toxic substances, remove pollutants from water, reduce non-hazardous solid waste volumes, eliminate pollutants* from the air and develop groundwater supplies.

Geotechnical Engineeringis required in all aspects of civilengineering because most projects are supported by the ground. A geotechnical engineer may develop projects below the ground, such as tunnels, foundations and offshore platforms. They analyse the properties of soil and rock that support and influence the behaviour of these structures. They evaluate potential settlement of buildings, the stability of slopes and fills, the effects of earthquakes. They also take part in the design and construction of dams, embankments and other structures.

Transportation engineering. The quality of a community isdirectly related to the quality of its transportation system. Transportation engineers work to move people, goods and materials safely and efficiently. They find ways to meet our ever-

Notes:

offshore engineering – сооружения на расстоянии от берега

pollutants – загрязнители

EXERCISES

Engineer, engineering, design, designer, designing, project, architecture, architect, structure, construction, profession, qualification, practice, industry, management, mechanics, technique, specialist, specialize, protection, consultant, material, metal, ceramics, polymer, laboratory, aspect, control, hydraulic, transport, airport, tunnel, canal, sanitation, energy, company, firm.

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