Foreign Languages Department for Science

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Present or future

past

Cannot, could not

Could not

Not possible, impossible

Not possible, impossible

There expressions are used in sentences in different ways:

Samples:

1 Notebook computers will definitely be cheaper next year.

2 It is (highly) probable/likely that notebook computers will definitely be cheaper next year

1. Notebook computers may/might be cheaper next year

4. Perhapsnotebook computers willbe cheaper next year.

5. It is unlikely/doubtful thatnotebook computers will be cheaper nextyear.

6. Notebook computers will most probably notbe cheaper next year.

7. Notebook computers will definitely notbe cheaper next year.

8. It is impossible thatnotebook computers will be cheaper next year.

N.B. Sometimes, predictions are made subject to certain conditions. In such cases, sentences typically have two parts: the if-clause and the main clause.

Samples:...

1. If the price of notebooks fall next year, I will buy one.

2. If the system crashes, we will lose all our latest data.

When the if-clause comes second, there is no comma between the two clauses. Examples:

1. I will buy a notebook if the price of notebooks fall next year.

2. We will lose all our latest data if the system crashes.

As with the simple predictions listed above, it is possible to express different levels of certainty about the likelihood of the condition (in the if-clause) by changing the tense of the verbs from the future and present forms to the more 'remote' past and conditional forms.

Samples:

1. If the price of notebooks falls next year, I will buy one. (The speaker thinks it is possible that the price of notebooks will fall next year; and, if it does; he will buy one.)

2. If the price of notebooks fell next year, I would buy one. (The speaker thinks it is unlikely that the price of notebooks will fall next year but, if it does, he will buy one.)

3. If the system crashes, we will lose all our latest data. (The speaker thinks it is possible that the system will crash and, if it does, we will lose all our data.)

4. If the system crashed, we would lose all our latest data. (The speaker thinks it is unlikely that the system will crash but, if it did, we would lose all our data.)

5. The first form, as in sentences 1 and 3 - [(lf+ present) + will] - is known as the first conditional. The second form, as in sentences.2 and 4 - [(lf+ past) + would] - is known as the second conditional.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Keith Boeckar, P. Charles Brown. Computing - Oxford University Press, 1996. -212 pp.

2. Schwartz K.L. Info Search// URL: http://www.ipl.org. 1997.

3. Sinclair R. How-To Write a Synopsis. - NY_: 1998. - 202 pp.

4. Drott C, Thury E. Reaching Across the Curriculum// URL: htta://www.ipl.org. 1997.

APPENDIX 1. KEYS TO THE TASKS

Part II

Unit i.

Task 1.1:2); 7); 4); 5); 1); 6); 3); 8).

Task 1.2.: As regards the sources of information, the most commonly used are: media (newspapers, magazines, radio, TV), libraries, reference books, general reading, experts, Internet.

Task 1,3.: 2); 6); 4); 5); 1);3),

Task 1.4.: whiteboard; video; flip chart; tape; real things; samples; handouts.

Task 1.5.:

 keeping eye contact with members of the audiences;

• a smile;

• talking to ail the audience not just your friends;

• speaking with enthusiasm.

Unit 2

Task 2.1,: 4); 3); 2); 5); 1).

Task 2.6.:3); 2); 6); 1); 5); 4).

Task 2.7: All, except maybe for the first orte, could be used to ask for questions.

Task 2.8.: 1) Firstly; 2} Secondly; 3)Then; 4) Moreover; 5) Another; 6) next; 7). Lastly.

APPENDIX 2. THE TITLE PAGE OF YOUR PAPER (SAMPLE)

Tyumen State University

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