Task 2.11. Read the following sentences. Circle the marker and underline the main idea for which the example is given.

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Task 2.10. The list below is made up of five groups of words, consisting of five main categories and examples of each category. Find the word groups and then write sentences to show the relationship between the groups of words. Use a different marker for each sentence. One has been done for you.

trackball

bus

PC

mainframe

output device

star

microcomputer

printer

VDU

network configuration

APL

С

programming language

COBOL

ring

mouse

stylus

computer

input device

Model: Ring, bus, and star are all examples of network configurations.

Task 2.11. Read the following sentences. Circle the marker and underline the main idea for which the example is given.

Networks also allow users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disk-systems.

1. There are a handful of clipboard computers now on the market, including GRIDPad, which is sold in the US.

2. The PC passes the query, written in a special language (e.g. Structured Query Language - SQL), to the mainframe, which then parses the query, returning to the user only the data requested.

3. Here's an example of a simple virus, the Lehigh virus

4. If you use a shared PC or a PC that has public access, such as one in a college PC lab or a library, be very careful about putting floppies into that PC's drives without a write-protect tab.

Task 2.12. Not all texts present examples explicitly, in some cases, markers are not used, Read the paragraph below. Find the main ides and define the examples of that idea.

The widespread availability of computers has in all probability; changed the world for ever. The microchip technology which made the PC possible has put chips not only into computers, but also into washing- machines and cars. Some books may never be published in paper form, but may only be made available as part of public databases. Networks of computers are already being used to make information available on a world-wide scale.

Cause end effect

Understanding the different ways of expressing the relationship between the causes and the effects of an action is very important when you are reading English. This cause-effect relationship is commonly used in texts about computing.

Before we look at some of the ways of expressing cause and effect, note carefully this important distinction.

We can mention the cause before the effect.

Sample 1:             (cause)        (effect)

Dust often causesthe recording condition of disks to deteriorate.

We can mention the effect before the cause.

Sample 2:               (effect)      (cause)

Deterioration in the recording condition of disks is often due to dust.

There are many different ways of expressing cause end effect.

Verbs linking cause and effect:                     '

Result, cause, produce, result in, allow, result from, prevent, bring about,, enable

Sample 1. The introduction of computer technology brought about

significant changes in office routines, (cause à effect)

Sample 2. Computers can create artificial objects in tneir memories. This allows developers to test product design without actually creating a real prototype. (cause à effect)

Sample 3. The extensive use of computers in schools is resulting in a new generation of computer-literate students. (cause à effect)

Sample 4. The problems were caused by the volume of network traffic. (effect ßcause)

Connectives introducing cause:

Due to, as the/a result of, since, because, in response to, as.

Sample 1. Early computers developed quickly as a result of their use in military applicatons. (effectßcause)

Sample 2. Teachers must rethink their roles as computer technology is creating a revolution in the classroom, (effect ß cause)

Sample 3. Because off-the-shelf programs do not always fit a company's needs, software often has to be specially developed, (effect ßcause)

Connectives introducing result:

with the result that, so that, thus, therefore, consequently, hence, for this reason, thereby. Sample 1. Computers can remove many of the routine and boring tasks, thereby leaving us with more time for interesting, creative work. (cause à effect)

Sample 2. Carpel tunnel syndrome is a serious medical condition. For this reason, computer users should be careful of their posture and take frequent breaks. (cause àeffect)

Sample 3. When using an online database service, you must pay for the time you use. Consequently, you should have a good idea of what you want before you log on. (cause à effect)

NB!: Another way of showing causal relationship is by introducing the; cause with V. Both the cause clause and the effect clause verbs are in the present tense.

Sample 1. If your company has a LAN. you can share the use of a printer with your colleagues, (cause à effect)

Sample 2. It is easy to transport your data to another location if it is stored on a disk, (effect ß cause)

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