new types of brain cells that support memory.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738865/

NSCs are self-renewing, multipotent progenitors residing in the nervous system. In the adult brain, NSCs are primarily located in the SVZ of the lateral ventricle and the SGZ of the hippocampal dentate gyrus

Do NSC’s Decline With Age? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316899/

However, there is now strong evidence for the aging-associated cognitive deficits, such as olfactory dysfunction, spatial memory deficits, and neurodegenerative disorders, which are caused by deterioration of NSC proliferation and differentiation and enhanced NSC senescence as a consequence of aging[27,28].

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466406

The observation that aging has a negative effect on the proliferation of neural stem cells has prompted several laboratories to investigate new systems to artificially increase neurogenesis in senescent animals as a means to compensate for age-related cognitive decline. I

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725211/

Like satellite cells, NSCs decrease in number with age, which, in turn, contributes to decreased neurogenesis (Kuhn et al., 1996; Maslov et al., 2004).

Neurogenesis= Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSC)s.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS336125/

Just another saying that with increased age, NSCs decline, and memory gets worse.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686327/

Although neurogenesis may contribute to the ability of the adult brain to function normally and be induced in response to cerebral diseases for self- repair, this nevertheless declines with advancing age.

Studies showing that NSCs support memory: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33017-6 When transplanted improves cognition (animal study).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738865/

NSC’s - Crucial for spatial learning and memory. Contributing to new memory formation. Supporting mood.

Mechanism of the Problem:

The way your brain supports itself and regenerates is through Adult Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). These are stem cells that come from your central nervous system and are found in the hippocampus of your brain. The hippocampus is highly associated with mental performance and memory.

The ongoing creation (aka proliferation) of Adult Neural Stem Cells has been shown to support working memory, spatial learning, and the formation of new memories.

However as we age, there is significant evidence suggesting that the creation (proliferation) of NSCs decreases. And that with less NSCs and slowed down activity, brain activity also slows down and memory suffers.

Mechanism of the Solution:

Is to support the ongoing creation (aka proliferation) of NSCs in the brain and protect the ones that we already have. Doing so can support memory and mood and cognition, etc.

Specifically, here are ingredients that help to support the proliferation of NSCs

and memory:

Vitamin D3 and NSC Proliferation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592821

We also identified through immunohistochemistry and western blotting that

the vitamin D has the ability to trigger neural stem cells,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681066

This vitamin significantly enhanced proliferation of NSCs, and enhanced their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes, but not astrocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400846/ Vitamin D3 enhances neural stem cell proliferation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6123560/

Improves the differentiation of Neural Stem Cells.

Vitamin D3 and Memory:

https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article-abstract/ doi/10.1093/gerona/glz041/5320009?redirectedFrom=fulltext

The researchers found that memory and learning improved in the group that took 2,000 IU per day, but not in the group that took the higher dosage. Meanwhile, the women’s reaction time showed a trend to be slower at 2,000 IU daily and was significantly slower at the higher dosage.

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