Predicative constructions with the participle.

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(d) of concession.

... her spirit, though crushed, was not broken. (A. Bronte) — Хотя она и была подавлена, она не была сломлена.

Note. Other grammarians' view of the analysis of such word groups as when questioned..., if discovered..., as if torn..., though crashed... is dif­ferent. They consider such word-groups to be elliptical clauses and not participial phrases.

3.Participle II as a predicative.

In spite of himself, Val was impressed. (Galsworthy) — На Вэла

это произвело впечатление, помимо его воли.

The inner gate was locked, and the lodge closed. (Dickens) -

Внутренние ворота были заперты, и помещение привратника

закрыто.

4.Participle II as part of a complex object.

She has found me unaltered; but I have found her changed. (Collins) — Она нашла, что я ничуть не переменился, а я на­шел, что она изменилась.

(For detailed treatment of Participle 2 as part of a complex object see § 10.)

§ 9. Predicative constructions with the participle.

In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the participle:

(1)the Objective Participial Construction;

(2)the Subjective Participial Construction;

(3)the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction;

(4)the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.

§10. The Objective Participial Construction.

The Objective Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.

In the next berth she could hear her stepmother breathing heavily. (Hardy) — Ей было слышно, как на соседней койке тяжело дышит ее мачеха.

The participle breathing is in predicate relation to the noun step­mother; which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the parti­ciple.

In the Objective Participial Construction Participle I Indefinite Active or Participle II is used. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object. It usually corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.

The Objective Participial Construction may be found:

(a)after verbs denoting sense perception, such as to see, to hear; to feel _y to find, etc.

Then he looked out of the window and saw clouds gathering. (Dreiser) — Потом он выглянул из окна и увидел, что соби­раются тучи.

I heard my wife coming... (Сопап Doyle)

She could feel her hands trembling exceedingly. (Hardy)

She found him waiting for her at her journey's end... (Dick­ens)

I saw the pony harnessed myself. (Collins)

The dog heard his name pronounced through the open door. (Collins)

He felt himself clutched by the collar... (Hardy)

You will probably find your sister grown, Bella. (Dickens)

(b)after some verbs of mental activity, such as to consider, to un­derstand.

I consider myself engaged to Herr Klesmer. (Eliot) — Я считаю себя помолвленной с господином Клесмером.

(c)after verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used.

The governor wants it done quick. (Bennett) — Отец хочет, чтобы это было сделано быстро.

(d)after the verbs to have and to get; after these verbs only Parti­ciple II is used.

In this ease the Objective Participial Construction shows that the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the Person denoted by the subject of the sentence. Thus I had the piano tuned means 4 made someone tune the piano'.

I had my coat altered. — Я переделала пальто (т. е. поручила кому-то переделать его).

Не... had several bottles of wine brought... (Dreiser) — Ему., принесли несколько бутылок вина.

You can get your clothes made in Europe. (Dreiser) — Вы можете заказать себе платья в Европе.

In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used:

Why don't you have your hair waved? (Du Maurier) — Почему вы не завьетесь (не сделаете завивку)?

Occasionally the meaning of the construction is different: it may show that the person denoted by the subject of the sentence experiences the action expressed by the participle.

The wounded man had his leg amputated. — Раненому ам­путировали ногу.

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