nasionA cephalometric landmark on the bony profile at the junction of the frontal and nasal bones.

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movement

first order movement Movement of teeth in a faciolingual or y direction; also known as in- and out- movements.

second order movement Movement of teeth in a mesiodistal, x, direction.

third order movement Movement of teeth in a vertical, z, direction.

MS Master of Science, a degree awarded by a university graduate school, after completion of an advanced dental specialty education program.

MSD Master of Science in Dentistry, a degree awarded by a dental school after completion of an advanced dental education program.

mucoperiosteum Term used to describe the mucous membrane and the periosteum together. This is used in periodontal surgery to denote the total thickness flap.

mucosa The epithelial lining of body cavities opening to the outside. The oral mucosa lines all of the soft tissue surfaces of the mouth.

myalgia Muscle pain.

myofunctional Referring to the role of muscle function in relation to the teeth and jaws.

- N -

natural head position A standardized orientation that the head assumes when the subject focuses on a point in the distance at eye level. It is used for clinical examination of the face by anthropologists, orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons.

neutroclusion Normal mesiodistal occlusal relationships of the buccal teeth.

nightguard A removable plastic appliance worn at night to prevent the deleterious effects of nocturnal parafunctional activity (i.e., clenching, bruxism). See mouthguard.

normal occlusion Optimal meeting of upper and lower teeth during function with no malocclusion present (such as, rotations, malpositions or abnormal jaw relationships that are encountered in Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion categories).

- O -

obturator A prosthesis used to close an opening. Frequently used to close the defect caused by a cleft palate.

occlusal Pertaining to the chewing surfaces of the posterior teeth. May be used to identify those tooth surfaces, as well as the direction (upward in the lower arch, downward in the upper).

occlusoapical The local direction perpendicular to the occlusal plane; also termed 'occlusogingival.'

occlusal dysfunction A term often used to describe abnormal functional forces and improper contact of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Untoward reaction beyond the teeth and investing tissues is claimed by some dentists, with the possibility of enhancing a multifactorial TMD etiology.

occlusal index A rating or categorizing system that assigns a numeric score or alphanumeric label to an individual's occlusion. There are five types: diagnostic, descriptive-epidemiological, treatment need or priority, treatment outcome, treatment complexity.

occlusal plane The imaginary surface on which upper and lower teeth meet in occlusion. It is actually a compound curved surface, but is commonly approximated by a plane (straight line in the lateral view) based on specific reference points within the dental arches.

occlusion The relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as they are brought into functional contact.

onplant An anchorage fixture integrated to a bony surface beneath the soft tissue

open bite Lack of tooth contact in an occluding position. (also called apertognathia)

oral screen See vestibular screen.

orbitale The most inferior point on the lower border of the left orbit. A craniometric and cephalometric landmark.

ortho- A prefix denoting straight or correct.

orthodontic (orthopedic) Relating to correction of abnormal dental relationships, including facial structures and neuromuscular abnormalities.

orthodontic attachment An element affixed to a tooth crown that transmits force from the archwire or auxiliary to the dentition (e.g., a bracket).

orthodontic displacement Tooth movement achieved through biomechanical remodeling of the periodontal ligament and/or the alveolar bone.

orthodontic force Force generated by the orthodontic appliance that contributes to the correction of a malocclusion.

orthodontics/ dentofacial orthopedics That dental specialty which includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, guidance and correction of malrelationships of the developing or mature orofacial structures.

orthodontist A dental specialist who has completed an advanced post-doctoral course in orthodontics which is accredited by the American Dental Association.

orthognathic Normal relationships of the jaws.

orthognathic surgery Surgery to alter relationships of teeth and/or supporting bones, usually accomplished in conjunction with orthodontic therapy.

orthopedic Correction of abnormal form or relationship of bone structures. May be accomplished surgically (orthopedic surgery) or by the application of appliances to stimulate changes in the bone structure by natural physiologic response (orthopedic therapy).

osseous Of or pertaining to bone.

ossification The process of replacing connective tissue such as cartilage and mesenchyme with bone.

ostectomy Surgical removal of a bone or part of a bone.

osteitis Inflammation of bone.

osteoblasts Cells that remodel and deposit bone. These cells arise from osteoprogenitor cells that are often located in the perivascular connective tissue.

osteoclasts A multinucleated giant cell of hematopoietic origin that has the role of removing bone.

osteoconduction 3-Dimensional structural scaffold to allow for the ingrowth of capilliaries, perivascular tissue and osteoprogenitor cells of the host into the graft. The scaffold itself is not osteoinductive and therefore cannot initiate bone formation.

osteocytes Mature osteoblasts that are encased in the bony matrix.

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