Pharmaceutical forms and doses

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Спектр

A

B

C

D

Gr ”-“ aerobic flora (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli)

++

++

++

++

Gr “+” aerobic flora (pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus)

-

+

++

++

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma

-

+

++

++

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

-

+

+

+

Anaerobes

-

±

±

+

Pseudomonas

-

++

+

+

The rate of application:

4 times a day

Twice a day

Twice a day

Once a day

8. Specify the mechanism of action of nitrofurans by selecting the correct answers:

- the complexes with nucleic acids (form/ not form),

- reducing the nitro group to the amino group under the influence of reductase of microbial cells (occurs/ not occurs),

- tissue respiration of microorganisms is (disturbed / improved),

- the secretion of exotoxins by microorganisms (↑↓),

- the type of action in low concentration (bacteriostatic / bactericidal),

- the type of action in high concentration (bacteriostatic / bactericidal),

- it penetrates well into the bile and creates a high concentration in the intestinal lumen (Furazolidone/ Furazidin),

- it is excreted unchanged in the urine and creates a high concentration in the kidneys (Furazolidone/ Furazidin).

10. Specify possible indications for use (pay attention to the presence of medicinal forms of the drug (eye drops, tablets, solutions for injection):

Drug

Respiratory infections

Intestinal infections

Urinary tract infections

Eye infections

Co-trimoxazole

Phthalylsulfathiazole

Sulfacetamide

Nalidixic acid

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Moxifloxacin

Nitroxoline

Furazidin

Furazolidone

13. Determine the drugs and write prescriptions:

А.Derivative of nitrofuran. It is absorbed from the digestive tract by 30%. It is highly effective against Giardia and Trichomonas. It is used for intestinal infections, infections of the biliary tract, Trichomonas colpitis, vaginitis, urethritis.

B. It is synthetic chemotherapeutic agent of group of quinoxalines. It has bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria of the intestinal group, cocci, Clostridia, Bacteroides. It is used for severe lung abscesses, peritonitis, pleuritis, pyelonephritis. It has toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects.

C. It is synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, derivative of oxazolidinone. It disrupts protein synthesis on ribosomes. It acts on cocci, including resistant to methicillin, Clostridium, Bacteroids. It is used through the mouth, intravenously for skin infections, upper respiratory tract infections. This drug is high toxic.

D. The drug is a synthetic antibacterial agent, violates the exchange of folic acid, acts bactericidal. It is used for pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, skin and soft tissue infections. It causes skin allergic reactions, crystalluria, hepatotoxicity, contraindicated in pregnancy.

E. The drug forms inactive complexes with metals of bacterial enzymes. It is highly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, protozoa (amoebas, Giardia). It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in the urine in the active form, painting it in yellow. It is used for urinary tract infections, but can cause allergic reactions, neuritis, dyspepsia disorders.

INN

Drug forms

Method of application

Sulfadimidine

500 mg tablets

On the first reception 4 tablets, then 2 tablets every 4-6 hours

Sulfadimethoxine

200 and 500 mg tablets

2-4 tablets during the first day, then  1-2 tablets once a day

Sulfacetamide

20% sol. in 1,5; 5 and 10 ml vials

1-2 drops in both eyes 3 times a day

Co-тrimoxazole

Tablets

1-2 tablets 2 times a day

Phthalyl-sulfathiazole

500 mg tablets

2 tablets 4-6 times a day

Nalidixic acid

500 mg capsules

1-2 capsules 4 times a day after meals

Ciprofloxacin

100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg tablets

1 tablet 2 times a day

Sol. 2 mg/ml in 50 and 100 ml vials

Inject I.V. slowly 50-100 ml once a day

0,3% sol. in 5 and 10 ml vial (eye drops)

1-2 drops in both eyes 5 times a day

Norfloxacin

Tablets 200 and 400 mg

1 tablet 2-3 times a day

0,3% sol. in 5 ml vial (eye and ear drops)

1-2 drops in both eyes or 4 drops in both ears 4 times a day

Moxifloxacine

400 mg tablets

1 tablet once a day

Solution 1,6 mg/ml in 250 ml vials

Inject I.V. slowly 250 ml once a day

Levofloxacin

Tablets 250 and 500 mg

1 tablet 2 times a day before meals

Solution 5 mg/ml in 100 ml vials

Inject I.V. slowly 50-100 ml 1-2 times a day

0,5 % solution in 5 ml vial

1-2 drops in both eyes 3-5 times a day

Nitroxoline

50 mg tablets

2 tablets 4 times a day

Furazolidone

50 mg tablets

1-2 tablets 4 times a day

Furazidin

25 and 50 mg capsules

1-2 capsules 3 times a day

Linezolid

600 mg tablets

1 tablet 3 times a day

Solution 2 mg/ml in 300 ml vials

Inject I.V. slowly 300 ml 1-2 times a day

Chinoxydin

250 mg tablets

1 tablet 3 times a day after meal

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