Exercise 6. Write a summary of the text (about 150 words).

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Exercise 3. Listen to the text (Script 1, listening for general idea) and compare the factors presented in the text with your list. Make a full list of factors that account for the difference in life expectancy between the sexes.

Exercise 4. Listen to the text again. What do the following figures refer to in the text:

five times

6.3

4.1

1980s

1840s

1960s

1979 and 2009

64%

2.1 to 1.7

39%

1991 and 2005

3%

a fifth

2.4

15.6%

15.4%

50%

1991 and 2005

13.5

20s

Exercise 5. Using information from the text answer the questions:

1. What are the current trends in life expectancy?

2. What factors explain the narrowing gap between life expectancy of men and women in Great Britain?

3. What countries can be considered exceptions from the general trends? What are the reasons?

4. Is it possible that men and women will have equal life expectancy? Why? Why not?

Exercise 6. Write a summary of the text (about 150 words).

Text B. How to live to be 100

Exercise 7. Before listening to the text discuss the questions:

1. To what extent do genes and lifestyle choices determine longevity of an individual? Which factor is more significant? What is the ratio of their impact?

2. Are the following statements about longevity true or false? Explain your choice.

a) optimal lifestyle can guarantee longevity;

b) there are treatments that can help slow, reverse, or even stop aging.

3. What is the role of longevity in the evolutionary perspective?

premise Р постулат, исходное положение

to debunk Р развенчать, разоблачить

procreative success -

to dissipate Р рассеиваться

salient Р заметный, выдающийся

social equity Р социальный капитал

adage Р изречение, пословица

to imbue Р вдохновлять, наполнять

Sabbath Р священный день отдохновения (в разных религиях может приходиться на разный день недели)

sanctuary Р убежище, свяилище; святыня

legume Р растение семейства бобовых

Exercise 8. Watch the talk given by Dan Buettner: How to live to be 100 (Video 1, listening for detail) to check your answers in Exercise 6. Prepare to answer the questions:

1. How did the research define and identify the Blue Zones of longevity?

2. What do the following figures refer to in the text:

10 percent / 90 percent

one out of 5,000

35 trillion

once every eight years

125 times

90 years / 78 years

12 years

up to 10 times greater

125 miles

1.4 million people

800 miles

7 years

5 times

one fifth

one sixth

8 times

3,000-year-old

three / one and a half

half a dozen

97 / 102

80 / 89

11 years

70,000 people

30 years

6,000

30 or 40 times a day

seven years

four to 14

50%

2%

3. What makes these three identified regions Р Sardinia, Okinawa and Loma Linda, California - the Blue Zones of longevity? Speak on

a) dietary habits,

b) lifestyles and physical activity,

c) social structure,

d) spiritual practices.

4. What recommendations have been inferred from the analysis of centenarian polulations worldwide?

Exercise 9. In what context does the speaker use the following words and phrases:

to take supplements

to win genetic lottery

to deprive of oxygen

to ruin cartilage

clogged artery

to build up exponentially

social equity peaks

procreative success

grass-fed / corn-fed animals

to impart extra years

disability-free life expectancy

plant-based diet

the grandmother effect

heterogeneous community

in profound and measurable ways

to stave off cognitive decline

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