Ways of expressing the adverbial modifier.

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The Adverbial Modifier

§ 34. The adverbial modifier is a secondary part of the sentence which modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb. According to their meaning we distinguish the following kinds of adverbial modifiers.

1. The adverbial modifier oftime.

We shall try ittomorrow. (Heym)

While dancing, Cowperwood had occasion to look at Aileen often... (Dreiser)

These preparations happily completed, I bought a house in Covent Garden Market. (Dickens)

After receiving the cheque back, there seemed to him to be something wrong somewhere. (Galsworthy)

2. The adverbial modifier offrequency.

Though they hadoften bothered him he had never bothered them. (London)

3. The adverbial modifier ofplace anddirection.

Gains had spieseverywhere. (Douglas)

Among the hills Martin and Ruth sat side by side. (London)

4. The adverbial modifier ofmanner.

Hendel Hull soobviously adored his wife. (Sanborn)

 Their conversations were conductedwith icy formality. (Doug­las)

Marcfillus accepted this informationwithout betraying his amazement. (Douglas)

5. The adverbial modifier ofattendant circumstances.

Then the gun rolled into the old town,clattering over the stones. (Heym)

Now I can go to bed at lastwithout dreading tomorrow. (Shaw)

6. The adverbial modifier ofdegree andmeasure.

It israther good. It weighsa pound.

7. The adverbial modifier ofcause.

The men were weary,having run behind the beasts all day. (Buck)

The doctor said operate, it can't do any harm but I have great fear of the knife for my poor boy,his mother having died under it due to negligence. (Greene)

8. The adverbial modifier ofresult (consequence).

She is too fond of the childto leave it.

9. The adverbial modifier ofcondition. (It is very rare both in English in Russian.)

Mrs. Micawber thought thatwith large means her husband would have distinguished himself long ago. (Dickens) She never would have been able to make a success of the din- ing-room,but for the kindness and assistance of the men.

(Packard)

10. The adverbial modifier ofcomparison.

Like all other Forsytes of a certain age they kept carriages of their own. (Galsworthy)

Judice is as whiteas mud. She's as perfectas sin. (Sanborn)

 And then his wife's face flushed and contractedas though in pain. (Gaskell)

He sawas if visible in the air before him in illuminated figures the whole sum. (London)

John plays the piano betterthan Mary.

11. The adverbial modifier ofconcession. (It is very rare.)

Notwithstanding the success achieved by Napoleon in the initial stage of the war of 1812 he was finally defeated. Though frightened he carried it off very well. (Cronin)

12. The adverbial modifier ofpurpose.

Ham sometimes walked with usto show us the boats and ships. (Dickens)

They opened the wayfor her to come to him. (Douglas)

They cleared swamp growthfor planting. (Eliot)

It can be expressed by:

1. An adverb.

Rachel turnedinstinctively to prevent a possible intruder from entering. (Bennett)

2. A noun with or without accompanying words.

Next day the morning hours seemed to pass very slowly at Mr. Pellet's. (E. ВгоШё)

They walkedmiles without finding any habitation.

3. A prepositional phrase.

The red dust spread up and out andover everything. (Wells) I walked straightup the lane. (Bennett)

4. A noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, participle, or prepositional phrase with a subordinating conjunction.

Mary swims betterthan her sister.

My sister plays tennis betterthan I.

If necessary, she must see Mr. Bridgenorth. (Gaskell)

He shrank back, his arms liftedas though to ward off physical violence. (London)

While waiting for the water to boil, he held his face over the stove. (London)

Sometimes he (Martin),when with her, noted an unusual bright­ness in her eyes. (London)

5. A participle or a participial phrase.

Having decided to accept his sister's counsel Marcellus was anxious to perform his unpleasant duty. (Douglas)

Turning away, she caught sight of the extra special edition о The Signal. (London)

When questioned, she explained everything very carefully

6. Absolute constructions.

1. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction.

He had wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. (Dickens)

Dehn burst in,the terror of the streets written on his face. (Heym)

2. The Nominative Absolute construction.

He stopped and turned about,his eyes brightly proud. (Doug­las)

3. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.

He looked at Mr. Micawber attentively,with his whole face breathing short and quick in every feature. (Dickens)

4. The Prepositional Absolute construction.

He rushed forward,with fury in his looks, and fire in his eye.

5. A prepositional phrase or construction with a gerund.

His father looked upwithout speaking. (Lindsay)

Nellman was arrested by theFBI... for "being a member of the Communist Party". (Daily Worker)

On her going to his house to thank him, he happened to see her through a window. (Dickens)

 I left the roomwithout anybody noticing it.

6. An infinitive, an infinitive phrase, or an infinitive construc­tion.

They roseto go into the drawing-room. (Galsworthy)

So, on the following evening, we again assembled,to discuss and arrange our plans. (Jerome)

He put the picture on the tablefor George to get a better view of it. (Maugham)

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