Preta Karmaas Now, the Chapter 13.

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Now, Chapter 12.

Gruhasta Dharmaas We saw Amsha 3, Chapter 11, where Ourva rishi told about the major vidhis that a gruhasta has to do, including shoucha, snaana, bhojana, etc. Major activities were told.

Now, in this chapter, Ourva rishi is going to give very detailed instructions on how one should conduct, and several behavioural aspects, how to take care of oneself, how to be cautious, in detail.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 1:

Ourvah –

Deva go braahmanaan siddhaan vruddha aachaaryaan tathaa archayet |
Dvikaalam cha namet sandhyaam agneen upacharet tathaa ||

Ourva – One should worship God (Deva), go (cow), Brahmins, siddhaas, vruddha aachaaryaas. Sandhyaavandanaa is to be done – says two times (this includes maadhyaahnika also); all the agni kaaryaas have to be done.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 2:

Sadaa anupahate vastre prashastaah cha mahoushadheeh |
Gaarudaani cha ratnaani bibhruyaat prayato narah ||

One has to wear two clothes always, they should not be torn. One can also take medicinal herbs – Vishnukraantaa (morning glory, helps in bone growth, intestinal health) and Doorva. One can wear all the gemstones which are good. A person should be using all of these. To basically keep good health.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Sadaa iti | Oshadheeh vishnukraantaa doorvaadyaah |
Gaarudaani ratnaani na vishaghnaani marakata aadeeni |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 3:

Prasnigdha amala keshah cha sugandhah chaaru veshadhruk |
Sitaah sumanaso hrudyaah bibhruyaat cha narah sadaa ||

He should groom his hair well. He can have perfumes and wear good clothes. One should wear white flowers all the time.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Prasnigdhaa iti | Prasnigdhaah alamkrutaah amalaah keshaah yasya |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 4:

Kinchit paratvam na haret na alpam api apriyam vadet |
Priyam cha na anrutam brooyaat na anya doshaan anudeerayet ||

One should not steal others belongings. One should not tell something which is not liked by others. Even though it is likeable to others, one should not tell lies. One should not highlight defects of others.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Kinchit iti | Kinchit kinchit api, na haret |

One should not steal even a little from others.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 5:

Na anya striyam tathaa vairam rochayet purusharshabha |
Na dushtam yaanamaarohet koolacchaayaam na samshrayet ||

One should not desire for other women. One should not develop enmity with others. One should not hate others. One should not get into a vehicle which is faulty. One should not take shelter in river banks where a flood has come and receded.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Na iti | Koolacchaayaa jalougha kshata desha cchaayaa |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 6:

Vidvishta patita unmatta bahu vaira ati keetakaih |
Vardhakee bandhakee bhartru kshudra anruta kathaih saha ||

Whom he should develop friendship with, and whom he should not develop friendship with is told here. One should not develop friendship with one who is hated by all, with a sinner who has fallen down, with an intoxicated person, with one who has got many enemies, one who keeps troubling like an insect (a very poor person), with a carpenter, with a harlot (woman of bad character), with one who is master of such a woman, with a lowly person, and with one who is always interested in telling lies, ...

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Vidvishta iti | Vidvishtaadibhih maitreem na kuryaat | Keetakah keetakavat peedakah daridrah | Bandhakee asatee |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 7:

Tathaa ati vyavasheelaih cha parivaadarataih shathaih |
Budho maitreem na kurveeta naikah panthaanam aashrayet ||

... with one who is a spendthrift, with one who is always interested in blaming others, with bad people – an intelligent person should not develop friendship with such people. When he goes on a journey, he should not go alone.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 8:

Na avagaahet jaloughasya vegamatre nareshvara |
Pradeeptam veshma na vishet naaraahet shikharam taroh ||

When a river is flowing, one should not take bath against that. One should not enter a house which is on fire. One should not climb onto the top of a tree.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 9:

Na kuryaat danta sangharsham krushneeyaat cha na naasikaam |
Na asamvrutamukho jhrumbet shvaasakaasou visarjayet ||

One should not make the cluttering noise of the teeth, which expresses some kind of anger. One should not blow the nose also. One should not yawn without covering the mouth. Without covering the mouth, one should not breath heavily, or blow, or cough.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Na kuryaat iti | Na krushneeyaat – na nishekarshet | Shvaasakaasou cha asamvruta sukho na visarjayet |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 10:

Na ucchaih haset sa shabdam cha na munchet pavanam budhah |
Nakhaan na khaadayet chindyaat na trunam na maheem likhet ||

One should not laugh very loudly. One should not leave apaana vaayu loudly. One should not bite the nails. One should not be cutting grass, and should not be scratching on the ground.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 11:

Na smashru bhakshayet loshtham na mrudeeyaat vichakshanah |
Jyoteemshi amedhya shastaani naabhi veeksheta cha prabho ||

One should not put beard into the mouth, and bite it. An intelligent person should not break two lumps of mud against each other. One should not see such stars which are not auspicious.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 12:

Nagnaam parastriyam chaiva sooryam cha astamaya udaye |
Na hum kuryaat shavam gandham shavagandho hi somajah ||

One should not be looking at other woman who is not wearing clothes. One should not see the sun while setting or rising (this means that one has to be doing Sandhyaavandanaa at that time). One should not feel disgusted with the smell of a dead body, because it is said to be created from a part of amsha of Soma.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Nagnaam iti | Na humkuryaat iti | Shukla-shonitamayatvena agnishomeeyasya kaayasya agni amshe shukle praanena saha gate yah somaamsho rasah tat daahajah shavagandho hi somajah; * Agnirooshmaa rasah somah shareeram tanmayam yatah * iti vachanaat |

Kaaya (body) is made of Agni and Soma (two gods), and it has got shukla and shonita (red part and white part). Along with praana, the white part, shukla amsha, which is the Agni amsha, that leaves the body. The liquid part which is soma amsha, when that is burnt, the smell is coming from there. The smell which comes from there is Somajah, which is Somaamsha; one should not feel disgusted with that. There is a pramaana told.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 13:

Chatushpatham chaityatarum smashaana upavanaani cha |
Dushta stree sannikarsham cha varjayet nishi sarvadaa ||

During night, one should not be in a place where four streets meet, a fig tree which is worshipped, the graveyard, or the garden, with women of bad character. During night, one should always be away from all these.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Chatushpatham iti | Savedakah poojito vruhskashchaityataruh |

A fig tree which has a platform below, and sever gods are worshipped – one should not go and sit there in the night.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 14:

Poojya deva dvija jyotih chaayaam na atikramet budhah |
Na ekah shoonya ataveem gacchet tathaa shoonya gruhe vaset ||

The aaraadhya daiva, a Brahmin, a heavenly luminary object – one should not pass over the shadows of that. One should not alone enter into a forest which is deserted. One should also not live in a deserted house.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 15:

Kesha asthi kantaka amedhya bali bhasma tushaam tathaa |
Snaanaardra dharaneem chaiva dooratah parivarjayet ||

One should totally not go near these places – where hairs are fallen, where bones are fallen, where there are many thorny things, where there is lot of filth, where bali has been given, where ashes are there, where there is chaff, where someone has taken bath, and it is still wet – one should not tread over such places.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 16:

Na anaaryaan aashrayet kaaschit na jihmam rochayet budhah |
Upasarpet na vai vyaalam chiram tishet na va utthitah ||

One should not take refuge in people who are not respected, not well behaved. One should not even think of being dishonest. One should not go near a snake. After waking up, one should not be lazing around for long.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 17:

Ateeva jaagara svapnou tatvat sthaana aasane budhah |
Na seveta tathaa shayyaam vyaayaamam cha nareshvara ||

Being awake for too long, or dreaming for too long, or taking bath for too long, or sitting for too long – all these should be avoided. Sleeping for too long, or exercising, one should not overdo all these.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 18:

Damshtrinah shrunginah cha eva praajnyo doorena varjayet |
Avashyaayam cha raajendra purovaata aatapou tathaa ||

Animals which have tusks or horns, one should be away from them, as they are dangerous. In the same way, one should avoid frogs, or blowing wind with high speed, or too much heat.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 19:

Na snaayaat na svapet nagno na chaiva upasprushet budhah |
Mukta (kaanchah cha) keshah cha naachaamet deva aadi archaam cha varjayet ||

One should not take bath without any clothes. One should not go to bed without any clothes also. One should not do aachamana without wearing any clothes. One should not do aachamana without tying up the hair, or also should not do aaraadhana.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 20:

Homa deva archanaadyaasu kriyaasu aachamane tathaa |
Na ekavastrah pravarteta dvija paadaavane jane ||

Homa, worship of gods, in all these, and also aachamana, one should not do with one vastra, cloth. When doing namaskaara to elders, Brahmins also, one should not do with one vastra.

The other paatha is dvija vaachananike jape. This means punyaaha and such karmaas, and japa. One should not do all these with one cloth.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 21:

Na asamanjasa sheelaih tu sahaaseeta kathanchana |
Sadvrutta sannikarsho hi kshanaardham api shasyate ||

One should not sit and develop friendship with people who don't talk the right things. One should not stay with such people who have bad conduct or bad behaviour. With people with good behaviour, even if it is for half-kshana, half a a second or minute, is also extremely beneficial.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 22:

Virodham na uttamaih gacchet na adhamaih cha sadaa budhah |
Vivaahah cha vivaadah cha tulya sheelaih nrupa ishyate ||

With people who are highly placed, one should not develop enmity. And also, those bad people, one should not develop enmity. Because, marriage and arguments, discussions, etc. are only good between equals.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 23:

Na aarabheta kalim praajnyah shushka vairam na varjayet |
Api alpa haanih sodhavyaa vairena arthagamam tyajet ||

An intelligent person should not start a fight, and enmity without any benefit, purpose. One should not develop these. If there is little loss, one should tolerate that. One should not amass wealth through enmity, etc.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 24:

Snaato na angaani sammarjet snaana shaathyaa na paaninaa |
Na cha nirdhoonayet keshaan na chaamevaih cha chotthitah (chocchritah) ||

One should not wipe the body with the cloth he is wearing while taking bath. One should not wipe the body with an empty hand.

One should not stand up and wipe the hairs. One should also not do aachamana standing up.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 25:

Paadena na akramet paadam na poojya abhimukham nayet |
Na ucchaasanam guroragre bhajeta avinayaanvitah ||

One should not put one foot on the other foot and stand. One should not stretch the feet in front of elders and respectable people. With disrespect, one should not sit on a higher place than the guru, in front of the guru.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 26:

Apasavyam na gacchet cha devaagaara chatushpathaan |
Mangalya poojyaam cha tathaa vipareetaan na dakshinam ||

One should always go in pradakshinaa in a temple, should not go in apradakshinaa. Whatever is auspicious and respectable, in such places, one should always go in the right direction, in pradakshinaa. What is not auspicious, one should not go in pradakshinaa, one should go in the other way.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Apasavyam iti | Vipareetaan amangalyaat na poojyaan na pradakshinayet |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 27:

Soma arka agni ambu vaayoonaam poojyaanaam cha na sammukham |
Kuryaat nishtheeva vin mootra samutsargam cha panditah ||

In front of Soma, Arka, Agni, Ambu (Jala), Vaayu, etc., respectable people, one should not spit, one should not eject impurities like mala, mootra in front of them. A knowledgeable person should not do this.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 28:

Tishthan na mootrayet tadvat pathishvapi na mootrayet |
Shleshma vin mootra raktaani sarvadaa eva na langhayet ||

One should not urinate standing; not on the roads. One should be very careful with phlegm, mala, mootra, etc. One should always follow discipline in these aspects.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 29:

Shleshma shingaanika utsargo na annakaale prashasyate |
Bali mangala japyaadou na home na mahaajane ||

While eating, one should not blow the nose, or take out phlegm. This is not good.

In the same way, one should not take out phlegm, blow the nose, during the karmaas like mangala, japa, homa. Or in presence of respectable persons.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Shleshma iti | Shingiko naasikaa malah |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 30:

Yoshito na avamanyeta na chaasaam vishvasayet budhah |
Na cha eva eershyaa bhavet taasu (na dhikku) na adhikuryaat kadaachana ||

One should not disrespect women, or keep too much of belief in them. One should not have jealousy towards them. One should not rule over them.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yoshita iti | Na adhikuryaat yoshit adhikaaram na kuryaat |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 31:

Mangalya pushpa ratnaajya poojyaan anabhivaadya cha |
Na niskramet gruhaat praajnyah sadaachaaraparo narah ||

A person who is following sadaachaara, an intelligent and knowledgeable person, should not leave the house without doing abhivaadana to all the poojyaas, the elders, all the auspicious things, etc. This is a good thing to do while leaving the house.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 32:

Chatushpathaan namaskuryaat kaale homaparo bhavet |
Deenaan abhyuddharet saadhoon upaaseeta bahushrutaan ||

One should do namaskaara in the place where four streets meet. At the right time, homaas and others have to be performed. Saadhu purushaas who are in a bad shape, one should always help them out. Saadhoos who are well learned, one has to worship.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 33:

Devarshi poojakah samyak pitru pindodaka pradah |
Satkarthaa cha atitheenaam yah sa lokaan uttamaan vrajet ||

One who is always worshipping the devaas, rishis, doing the pancha mahaa yajnyaas, doing the pitru pindaas and those karmaas properly, one who does atithi satkaara, he will get the good worlds, he will reap good benefits.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 34:

Hitam mitam priyam kaale vashyaatmaa yo abhibhaashate |
Sa yaati lokaan aahlaada hetu bhootaan nrupa akshayaan ||

A person who has control over himself, when he speaks, he should always speak what is good for others, he should speak less, he should speak what is liked and good for others – he gets good worlds which are akshaya, he enjoys for a long time all the good things in the good worlds.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 35:

Dheemaan hreemaan kshamaa yukto hi aastiko vinayaanvitah |
Vidya abhijana vruddhaanaam yaati lokaan anuttamaan ||

One who is intelligent, has forbearance and all the good qualities, who believes in God, who is very obedient, people born in good clan, who are very learned, knowledgeable persons, elderly people, whatever lokaas they attain, he will also attain those lokaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 36:

Akaala garjitaadou cha parva svaa shouchakaadishu |
Anadhyaayam budhah kuryaat uparaagaadhike tathaa ||

One should not do adhyayana during some periods when there is untimely thunder, during the parva kaalaas (amaavaasya, pournimaa), periods of impurity due to death, during the time of eclipse.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 37:

Shamam nayati yah kruddhaan sarva bandhuh amatsaree |
Bheeta aashvaasana krut saadhuh svargastasya alpakam phalam ||

One who pacifies those who are angry, friendly with everyone, does not have jealousy with anyone, who gives a lot of assurance to those who are scared, for such a person, the least he will get is svarga. He will get very great benefits.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 38:

Varshaa tapaadishu cchatree dandee raatri ataveeshu cha |
Shareera traana kaamo vai sopaanatkah sadaa vrajet ||

When there is rain, and lot of heat, one should carry an umbrella. During the night, while going in the forest, one should carry a stick. In order to protect the body, he should wear slippers all the time, when he goes out.

Ourva rishi is giving very detailed instructions.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 39:

Na oordhvam na tiryak dooram vaa na pashyan paryatet budhah |
Yugamaatram maheeprushtham naro gacchet vilokayan ||

When walking on the road, one should not be seeing up, or down, or at a distance. If he does so, he may fall down. He has to just see a few feet distance, and walk. He has to watch very carefully while walking.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 40:

Dosha hetoon asheshaan cha vashyaatmaa yo nirasyati |
Tasya dharmaartha kaamaanaam haanih na alpo api jaayate ||

A person who is self controlled, he avoids all things which lead to sin. For such a person, dharma, artha, kaama, these purushaarthaas, will never be less. He will always get all the purushaarthaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 41:

Sadaachaara ratah praajnyo vidyaa vinaya shikshitah |
Paape api apaapah parushe hi abhidhatte priyaani yah |
Maitree drava antahkaranah tasya muktih kare sthitaa ||

A person who is always following this sadaachaara, the shaastraas here, a very learned person, and also very obedient, he does not do sin even against sinners; against those who talk very rudely, towards them also he is very nice. His heart melts with friendship. For such a person, liberation is in his very hands itself.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Sadaachaara iti | Paape paapa krutye api, apaapah adrogdhaa parushe parusha vaktari api priyavaadee |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 42:

Ye kaama krodha lobhaanaam veetaraagaa na gocharaah |
Sadaachaara sthitaah teshaam anubhaavaih dhrutaa mahee ||

Those who have given up all desires, to them, kaama, krodha, lobha, (desire, anger, etc.) and these defects will never come near. Those who are always established in following sadaachaara, for such people, who have good qualities of truthfulness, etc., this whole world is being protected by them.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Ya iti | Anubhaavaih satyaadi gunaih, * satyenottabhitaa bhoomih * iti shruteh |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 43:

Tasmaat satyam vadet praajnyo yat parapreeti kaaranam |
Satyam yat para dukhaaya tadaa mounaparo bhavet ||

Therefore, a wise person should always speak the truth, that which pleases others. If we know that if we speak the truth, it will only bring grief to others, then we should keep quiet; we should not tell lies.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 44:

Priyam uktam hitam na etat iti matvaa na tat vadet |
Shreyah tatra hitam vaachyam yadi api atyantam apriyam ||

Knowing that something is pleasing others, but it is not good for them, one should not speak at all. Instead of telling something which is priya but not hita, one should tell hita even if it is not priya. Even if it very displeasing to others, even then if it is hita, if at all one has to speak, he should speak it out.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 12, Shloka 45:

Praaninaam upakaaraaya yathaa eva iha paratra cha |
Karmanaa manasaa vaachaa tat eva matimaan vadet ||

A person who is always careful and speaking, should conduct himself in karma, in the mind, in speaking also, (kaayaa, vaachaa, manasaa), here and in other words, he should be helping all the beings. Only such things one should be thinking.

These are the instructions which Ourva rishi is giving for all the Brahmins, sadaachaara rataas, gruhastaas.

This concludes Amsha 3, Chapter 12.

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Puraane Truteeye Amshe Dvaadasho Adhyaayah ||

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Chitteeye Vishnu Puraana Vyaakhyaane Truteeye Amshe Dvaadasho Adhyaayah ||

***

|| Atha Trayodasho Adhyaayah ||

Here, more sadaachaaraas are told. Things about preta karma are also going to be told.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 1:

Ourvah –

Sachelasya pituh snaanam jaate putre vidheeyate |
Jaata karma tathaa kuryaat shraadham abhyudayam cha yat ||

Ourva – When a person gets a child, (when a child is born), then he should take a bath with the cloth on. He has to do the jaata karma as ordained. And also has to do abhyudaya shraaddha, as told earlier.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 2:

Yugmaan devaan cha pitryaan cha samyak savyakramaat dvijaan |
Poojayet bhojayet chaiva tanmanaa na anyamaanasah ||

In pairs, Gods, Brahmins, and pitrus, in the pradakshina krama, one has to worship; one has to offer food to Brahmins also, being dedicated and focussing on that.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yugmaan iti | Savyakramaat pradakshinakramaat |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 3:

Dadhi akshataih sabadaraih praangmuka udamgmukho api vaa |
Devateerthena vai pindaan dadyaat kaayena vaa nrupa ||

Either facing east or north, using curd, akshataa, and fruits, (yelachi hannu in Kannada), he has to give deva teertha (with the front of the fingers), as per the rishis, he has to give.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Dadhyakshataih iti | Kaayena praajaapatyena |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 4:

Naandeemukhah pitruganah tena shraaddhena paarthiva |
Preeyate tat tu kartavyam purushaih sarva vruddhishu ||

In all the vruddhi kaaryaas, used for abhivruddhi, the mangala karmaas, one has to do naandee mukha shraaddha, and the pitru ganaas which are called naandee mukhaas, they will be pleased with this naandee mukha shraaddha. One has to do these naandee mukha shraaddha in all the vruddhi karmaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 5:

Kanyaa putra vivaaheshu pravesheshu cha veshmanah |
Naama karmaani baalaanaam choodaa karmaadike tathaa ||

During marriage of daughter or son, during gruha pravesha, when naama karma is done for children, when the choodaa karma is done, one has to do abhyudaya shraaddha.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 6:

Seemantonnayane chaiva putra aadi mukha darshane |
Naandee mukham pitru ganam poojayet prayato gruhee ||

In Seemantonnayane, when mukha darshana is done for the child, a gruhasta has to worship naandee mukha pitrus during all these vruddhi karmaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 7:

Pitru poojaa kramah prokto vruddhaavesha samaasatah |
Shrooyataam avaneepaala pretakarma kriyaa vidhih ||

During all abhivruddhi karmaas (mangala kaaryaas), pitru poojaa krama has been told briefly. O King, listen to me about how to do the preta karma kriyaas.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Pitru poojaa iti | Vruddhou abhyudayashraaddhe | Pretakarma preta deha snaapana dahanaadi | Kriyaavidhih pindodaka daanaadih |

Pretakarma is giving mangala snaana, dahana. Kriya is giving pinda.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 8:

Pretadeham shubhaih snaanaih snaapitam srak vibhooshitam |
Dagdhvaa graamaat bahih snaatvaa sachelaah salilaashaye ||

For the dead body, one has to give a bath, mangala snaana, and also decorate with garland, take it outside the village and then burn it, go to a water source and take bath with the cloth on.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Pretadeham iti | Snaanaih snaana saadhanakaih |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 9:

Yatra tatra sthitaaya etadamukaaheti vaadinah |
Dakshinaabhimukhaa dadyuh baandhavaah salilaanjalim ||

All the relatives have to be wherever they are, their gotra and naama, telling that, of the person who died, wherever that preta is there, telling so, the relatives have to give udaka, water. They have to be facing south.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yatra iti | Amukashabdah tat tat gotraanaam upalakshakah |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 10:

Pravishtaah cha samam gobhih graama nakshatra darshane |
Katakarma tatah kuryuh bhoomou prastarashaayinah ||

They have to re-enter the village, after doing dahana outside the village, when the cows enter, during the evening, during godhooli kaala, and when the stars are visible.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Pravishtaah iti | Go pravesha kaale vaa nakshatra darshane vaa praveshah | Katakarma – shava sambandham aashoucha krutyam, prastarah trunaadi shayyaa |

Either when the stars are visible, or when the cows are returning back.

Whatever karmaas one has to do, during the period of impurity, for the dead, this is katakarma. Sleeping on grass on the ground, etc.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 11:

Daatavyo anudinam pindah pretaaya bhuvi paarthiva |
Divaa cha bhaktam bhoktavyam amaamsam manujarshabha ||

Everyday, pindaas have to be given to the departed, till the ashoucha ends. During daytime, one has to eat without any maamsa, etc.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Daatavya iti | Anudinam yaavat aashoucham |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 12:

Dinaani taani cha icchaatah kartavyam viprabhojanam |
Pretaah yaanti tathaa truptim bandhuvargena bhunjataa ||

As desired, one can offer food to Brahmins during all the days. When all the relatives and people eat during that time, the preta will get satisfied.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 13:

Prathame ahni truteeye cha saptame navame tathaa |
Vastra tyaaga bahi snaane krutvaa dadyaat tilodakam ||

On the first day, third day, seventh day, ninth day, one has to give vastra, take bath outside, and also give the tilodaka.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 14:

Chaturthe ahni ha kartavyam tasya asthi chayanam nrupa |
Tat oordhvam anga samsparshah sapindaanaam api eeshyate ||

On the fourth day, collecting the bones, is to be done. Those who are close relatives, related for seven generations, after the fourth day, one can touch these close relatives.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 15:

Yogya sarva kriyaanaam tu samaana salilaah tathaa |
Anulepana pushpaadi bhogaat anyatra paarthiva ||

Also, all the other distant relatives, they will be eligible for doing all the activities, after the fourth day. But they should not do wearing chandana, wearing flowers, etc., even after the fourth day, till the asoucha goes.

There are two categories – sapindaah and samaana salilaah. Sapindaah are the close relatives. Samaaana salilaah are the distant relatives, or those not related closely, but belonging to same gotra.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yogya iti | Sarva kriyaah sandhyaa upaasana aadikaah |

Kriyaas mean sandhyaavandana and other things.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 16:

Shayya aasana upabhogah cha sapindaanaam api eeshyate |
Bhasma asthi chayanaat oordhvam samyogo na tu yoshitam ||

Sapindaas can take shayya, aasana, after fourth day. After the fourth day, asthishayana, they should not unite with their wives.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 17:

Baale deshaantarasthe cha patite cha munou mrute |
Sadyah shoucham tathaa icchaato jala agni udbandhanaadishu ||

When a child dies, or one who is in some other country dies, or, one is a sinner, or a sage dies, ashoucha will go immediately. Those who commit suicide by drowning, hanging, etc. in those cases also this is told.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Baala iti | Icchaata iti visheshanaat akaamatah tu jalaadibhih mrutaanaam yathaa uktam ashouchaadikam kaaryam eva, * Yadi kinchit pramaadena mriyeta agni udakaadibhih | Tatra ashoucham vidhaatavyam kartavyaa cha udaka kriyaa || * iti smruteh |

Not with the intention of committing suicide, if one simply gets drowned, as told, ashoucha has to be done. If one commits suicide, we don't have to follow this aashoucha. But, if it is not suicide, one has to follow aashoucha.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 18:

Mruta bandhoh dasha ahani kulasya annam na bhujyate |
Daanam pratigraho homah svaadhyaayah cha nivartate ||

When a close relative dies, he is called mruta bandhu. For his kula, from his house, food is not taken by others for ten days. They don't cook food for ten days there. Daana, pratigraha, homa, svaadhyaaya are not to be done for ten days.

From that kula in which someone has died, for ten days, one should not take rice, and daana, pratigraha, homa, svaadhyaaya, giving and taking donations, should be avoided.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Mruta bandhoh iti | Mruto bandhuh yatra kule tat mruta bandho tasya kulasya |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 19:

Viprasya etat dvaadasha aaham raajan yasya api ashouchakam |
Ardhamaasam tu vaishyasya maasam shoodrasya shuddhaye ||

For Brahmins, ten days is the aashoucha. Twelve days is for a Kshatriya. Fifteen days for a Vaishya, and one month for a Shoodra. After this, the aashoucha goes.

Ten days of ashoucha is told for Braahmanaas. For Kshatriyaas, it is twelve days. For Vaishyaas, it is 15 days. Shoodraas have to observe one month of aashoucha to become pure.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Viprasya iti | Etat praak uktam dashaaha ashoucham |

Ten days aashoucha for Vipraas.

From tenth day onwards, what all is to be done are going to be told here. We will see these next.

We are studying Amsha 3, Chapter 13. We just saw how the Abhyudaya Shraadha has to be done, at what times, and all the vrutti kaalaas. Also, Ourva Rishi has started telling about the preta karma kaaryaas to be done. Fourth day is asthi sanchaya, as told in this grantha.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 20:

Ayujo bhojayet kaamam dvijaan ante tato dine |
Dadyaat darbheshu pindam cha pretaaya ucchishta sannidhou ||

At the end of ten days, when the aashoucha ends, odd number (3, 5, 7, ...) or Brahmins should be fed. After the Brahmins have eaten, next to the place where they have eaten, one has to place darbha, and offer pinda for the preta.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Ayuja iti | Antye ashoucha antara dine, * Aadyam ekaadashe ahani * iti smruteh |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 21:

Vaaryaayudha pratodaah tu dandah cha dvija bhojanaat |
Sprashtavyo anantaram varnaih shuddhyeran te tatah kramaat ||

At the end of the bhojana of Brahmins, a Brahmin has to touch water, vaari. If a Kshatriya he has to touch a weapon, aayudha. A Vaishya has to touch a whip, pratoda. A Shoodra has to touch a danda, stick. Then only they will get shuddhi.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 22:

Tatah savarna dharmaa ye vipraadeenaam udaahrutaah |
Taan kurveeta pumaan jeevet nija dharma aarjanaih tathaa ||

After that, the Brahmins, Kshatriyaas, Vaishyaas, Shoodraas, they get shuddhi. Whatever varna aashrama dharmaas are told, after that, they have to do.

Whatever is told for their living, like yaajana, adhyaapana for Brahmins, like that, they have to resort to that in order to make a living.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 23:

Mrutaahani cha kartavyam ekoddishta matah param |
Aahvaanaadi kriyaa daiva niyoga rahitam hi tat ||

Monthly, one has to do ekoddishta shraaddha. In this ekoddishta shraaddha, the aahvaana of vipraas, the Vaishvadevika, and Agni kaaryaas, are not there.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Mruta ahani iti | Aahvaanaadi ityaadi shabdaat agnou karanaadi graahyam | Daiva niyogo vaishvadevika vipra aamantranam ||

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 24:

Eko arghyah tatra daatavyah tathaivaikapachitrakam |
Pretaaya pindo daatavyo bhuktavastu dvijaatishu ||

The kartaa has to wear only one pavitra, and has to give only one arghya. After the Brahmins have eaten, one pinda has to be given, for the preta.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 25:

Prashnascha tatra abhiratih yajamaana dvijanmanaam |
Akshayyamamukasyeti vaktavyam viratou tathaa ||

After that, yajamaana has to ask a question to the Brahmins, whether they were satisfied with the food. He has to tell "Abhiramyataam". Brahmins have to say "Abhirataah sma". They will say "Amukhasya", for such a person.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Prashnascha iti | Abhiramyataam iti yajamaanena prashtavyam, dvijaih cha abhirataah sma iti prativaktavyam ||

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 26:

Ekoddishtamayo dharma itthamaavatsaraatsrutah |
Sapindeekaranam tasmaat kaale raajendra tat shrunu ||

Like this, Ekoddishta shraaddha has to be done for the whole year, every month. At the end of a year, Sapindeekarana has to be done. I am going to tell you, O King. Listen to me.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Ekoddishtamaya iti | Tasmin kaale samvatsare ateete |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 27:

Ekoddishtavidhaanena kaaryam tat api paarthiva |
Samvatsare atha shashthe vaa maase vaa dvaadashe ahni tat ||

The Sapindeekarana has to be done in the same way as Ekoddishta. Here, there are options. One can do at the end of the year, or they can do after six months, or after a month, or on the twelfth day.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 28:

Tila gandhodakaih yuktam tatra paatra chatushthayam ||

Yajamaana has to place four paatraas, he has to put tila, gandha in all these four paatraas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 29:

Paatram pretasya tatra ekam paitram paatra trayam tathaa |
Sechayet pitru paatreshu preta paatram tatah trishu ||

Out of the four, one paatra is for the preta. Three paatraas are for the pitru ganaas. The dravyaas kept in the preta paatra, he has to take it and mix it with all the three paatraas for the pitru ganaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 30:

Tatah pitrutvam aapanne tasmin prete maheepate |
Shraaddha dharmaih asheshaih tu tat poorvaan archayet pitruun ||

This is called Sapindeekarana. Where the preta will join the pitru gana.

Pitrutva will be got by the preta, by the person who has passed away. Starting from that person, the pitrus, pitaamaha, prapitaamaha, ..., all the shraaddha dharmaas have to be done as ordained. From that point, that person will leave the preta avasthaa, and will join the pitru gana.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Tata iti | Shraaddha dharmaih paarvanaadyaih | Tat poorvaan sah poorvo yeshaam taan sapindeekruta pramukhaan |

Paarvana shraaddha and others. Whatever his previous pitrus are there, with whom he has joined, with all of them.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 31:

Putrah poutrah prapoutro vaa bhraataa vaa bhraatru santatih |
Sapinda santatih vaapi kriyaa arho nrupa jaayate ||

Who has to do this kriyaa, is son, grandson, great grandson, or brother, or brother's sons, or the sons of Sapindaas (those related for seven generations), all these people are eligible in order. Whoever is not there, the other person can do.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 32:

Teshaam abhaave sarveshaam samaana udaka santatih |
Maatru paksha sapindena sambandhaa ye jalena vaa ||

If nobody is available in any of these, children of samaanodakaas can do (after the seventh generation are called samaanodakaas). Up to seven generations are called Sapindaas. If samaanodakaas are also not there from the pitru paksha, then from the maatru paksha (mother's side), Sapindaas (seven generations) or beyond seven generations, can also do.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 33:

Kuladvaye api chocchinne streebhih kaaryaah kriyaa nrupa |
Pitru maatru sapindaih tu samaana salilaih tathaa ||

If none of the adhikaaris are available from the father's and mothers side, even women can do this kriyaa, as told here. In the same way, those who are Sapindaas of Pitrus, ladies from that side, or samaanodakaas, from the mother's side (again Sapindaas and samaanodakaas).

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 34:

(Tat sanghaata sthitaih vaa api)
Sanghaata antargataih vaa api kaaryaah pretasya cha kriyaah |
Utsannabandho rikthaat vaa kaarayet avaneepatih ||

The person's sateertha can also do, those who are doing Vedaadhyayana together, can also do. Another meaning is that from the community. These are all said to be preta kaaryaas. These are all the adhikaaris for preta kaaryaas. If nobody is available on any side, then the king can do the preta kaarya.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Sanghaata iti | Tat sanghaatah – tasya mrutasya saarthah |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 35:

Poorvaah kriyaah madhyamaah cha tathaa cha eva uttaraah kriyaah |
Trih prakaaraah kriyaah sarvaah taasaam bhedam shrunushva me ||

All the karmaas to be done for the departed, are divided into three types – Poorva, Madhyama and Uttara Kriyaas. I will tell you what is the difference in all of these.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 36:

(Aadaahavaaryaayudhaadi)
Aadaahaat aadashaahaah cha sparshaadyantaah tu yaah kriyaah |
Taah poorvaa madhyamaa maasi maasyekoddishta sanjnitaah ||

From the burning of the body, up to the tenth day, they touch water, etc. and get shuddhi. Up to this, the kriyaas are called Poorvaah. The Madhyama kriyaas are what are done every month, called Ekoddishta, up to the Sapindeekarana.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 37:

Prete pitrutvamaapanne sapindeekaranaadanu |
Kriyante yaa kriyaah pitryaa prochyante taa nrupottaraah ||

After Sapindeekarana, when the preta joins the pitru gana, whatever kriyaas are done are called as uttara kriyaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 38:

Pitru maatru sapindaih tu samaana salilaih tathaa |
Sanghaataantargataih vaapi raajnyaa vaa dhanahaarinaa ||

The pitru side Sapindaas and Samaanodakaas, maatru side Sapindaas and Samaanodakaas, or the Sateerthaas, or the King, who takes taxes from all, can also do.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 39:

Poorvaah kriyaah tu kartavyaah putraadyaih eva chottaraah |
Douhitraih vaa nrupashrestha kaaryaah tat tanayaih tathaa ||

Poorva kriyaas can be done by all these people. Uttara kriyaas, after Sapindeekarana, can be done only by son, grandson, etc. Or, daughter's son can also do, or their children.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Poorvaa iti | Poorvaah kriyaa tu iti atra poorva shabdena madhyamaanaam api grahanam |

Poorva kriyaas after the dahana, the father's side or mother's side, the Sapindaas, Samaanodakaas, or Sateerthaas, or King – this also includes the Madhyama kriyaas, up to Sapindeekarana.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 40:

Mrutaahani cha kartavyaah streenaam api uttaraah kriyaah |
Prati samvatsaram raajan ekoddishta vidhaanatah ||

Even for women, all these kriyaas have to be done. Every year, the Ekoddishta has to be done, as ordained.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 41:

Tasmaat uttara sanjyaa yaah kriyaah taah shrunu paarthiva |
Yadaa yadaa cha kartavyaa vidhinaa yena chaanagha ||

Only uttara kriyaas, after Sapindeekarana, only sons have to do. Not the Sapindaas, Samaanodakaas – they are not eligible for that. That is why, I am going to tell you about the uttara kriyaas. When one has to do these, what is the vidhi, how one has to perform them, I am going to tell you. Listen to me.

This concludes Amsha 3, Chapter 13.

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Puraane Truteeye Amshe Trayodasho Adhyaayah ||

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Chitteeye Vishnu Puraana Vyaakhyaane Truteeye Amshe Trayodasho Adhyaayah ||

***

|| Atha Chaturdasho Adhyaayah ||

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