The soul departs (till final release) always enveloped in the elements, so that he goes to a different body, as appears from the question and explanation.

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THIRD ADHYAYA

FIRST PADA

This Adhyaya is devoted to the enquiry as to (the indispensability of) adopting means (for release). In the first Pada the elucidation of the question how the departing souls go from, and come back (into, this world) etc., a knowledge of which is calculated to draw the soul away from attachment (to worldly objects).

Truly the bondage of life (Samsara) consists in the soul’s being imprisoned in the elements. In the Varaha it is said, “Samsara(or mundane bondage) consists of the gross environment of the elements; therefore salvation consists in being released from them and that of course will occur at death. For it is said in the Bharata, “Death is said to be only the separation of elements; and birth is only the coming together of elements, as observed by the learned.” Then of what use are the means? To remove this objection, the Sutrakara says:

1. The soul departs (till final release) always enveloped in the elements, so that he goes to a different body, as appears from the question and explanation.

The soul (when separated from a gross body) goes invariably enveloped in elements (in part) so that it may obtain a fresh (gross) body. (Hence at death, absolute separation of the elements from the soul does not occur). This appears from the question and explanation occurring in Scripture as, “Do you know why in the. fifth libation water is called man?” (The reply of Pravahana is) “For this reason and in this way, in the fifth libation water is called man.” (Ch. V. 3-9).

2. (The soul goes enveloped in all the elements, not merely in water), because water consists of three elements and also preponderates (over other elements in the body); (therefore the term water indicates all the three).

(When it has to be said that all the elements accompany the departing soul), the use of the term water ‘in the text is appropriate; for it is a compound of the three elements, (fire, water and earth), and the proportion of water (in all the three kinds of body taken together), is greater than that of either of the two other elements. This characteristic of preponderating over other elements is mentioned along with its other properties in the Bhagavata as follows: “Moistening, adhesion, satisfaction, force, gratification, condensation, mitigation of heat, preponderance, — these are the properties of water.”

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