ata eva cāgnīndhanādyanapekṣā ..3.4.25..

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SUTRA III. 4. 25.

अत एव चाग्नीन्धनाद्यनपेक्षा॥३.४.२५॥

ata eva cāgnīndhanādyanapekṣā ..3.4.25..

… Ataheva, for this reason. .. Cha, and. … Agni, fire. … Indhanadi, kindling and performing sacrifices, etc. Anapeksha, no need.

25. And, therefore, there is no need for the lighting of the sacred tire and so on, for the sage who knows Brahman. — 454.

COMMENTARY

For this reason, namely, because it has been established that Vidya is independent, therefore, she does not stand in need of the lighting of the sacrificial fire and other ceremonial works, in order to manifest her fruits. The theory, therefore, that knowledge and work must be combined in order to produce Mukti, is hereby set aside. Vidya alone is sufficient for that purpose.

Adhikarana V — The qualifications necessary

for acquiring Brahmavidya Sacrifice

Having thus described the power and glory of Vidya, the author now begins to specify the marks which are the characteristics of the person who is entitled to get this Vidya. Unless a person possesses these qualifications, he cannot benefit by the study of the Vidyas. Thus the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, IV., 4, 22, declares: «Him Brahmanas seek to know, by the study of the Vedas, by sacrifice, by gifts, by penance, by fasting». This passage lays down some of the necessary qualifications. In IV., 4. 23 of the same, the following additional qualifications are laid down:

«He, therefore, that knows it, after having become quite subdued, satisfied, patient, and collected, sees Self in the Self, sees all as Self. Evil does not overcome him, he overcomes all evil. Evil does not burn him, he burns all evil. Free from evil, free from spots, free from doubt, he becomes a (true) Brahmana this is the Brahma-world, O King» — thus spoke Yajnavalkya.

We give the original of these two Brihadaranyaka texts below:

Now the first text shows that sacrifice (Yajna), gifts (Dana), penance (Tapas), and fasting are necessary qualifications together with the study of the Vedas. The second passage shows that Sama (control of thought), Dama (control of conduct), Uparati (tolerance), Titiksha (endurance) and Samadhana are the necessary qualifications, and are the subordinate members of the Vidya.

Doubt: Now arises the doubt: Are both these sets of qualifications necessary for the origination of Vidya, or only one of them or none?

Purvapaksha: The Purvapakshin says that none of these qualifications is absolutely essential for the attainment of Vidya Getting the right Guru is the only necessary thing. As says the Chhandogya Upanishad (VI., 14. 2). ‘Acharyavan purusho veda’, ‘He knows Brahman who has found a teacher’. This and similar texts prove that the finding of the teacher is the chief essential in acquiring Vidya.

Siddhanta: This view is refuted is the next Sutra.

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