kṣatriyatvāgateścottaratra caitrarathena liṅgāt ..1.3.35..

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54. The reason why Raikva addressed Janashruti as Shudra was to intimate that he (Raikva) by his occult powers knew that Janashruti was overwhelmed with sorrow on hearing the disrespectful speech of the flamingo and, therefore, he had come to him on hearing such speech. — 98.

COMMENTARY

The word Na (not) of the Sutra I., 3. 28, is understood in this Sutra also. The Shudra is not qualified to undertake Vaidic study or Vaidic meditation. «Why? Because Janashruti is not a Shudra.

Note: The word Shudra is literally derived from two words: Sale, meaning grief, and Dravati, to go; because Janashruti, through grief, on hearing the taunting words, went to Raikva; therefore, Raikva calls him Shudra or grief-impelled. The use of this term indicates that Raikva knew, by his clairvoyance, the whole incident of the flamingoes.

When Janashruti Pautrayana, who was ignorant of Brahman-knowledge, heard the taunting words of the flamingo, who said, «Can he be compared with Raikva of the car?» He was overpowered with grief, at this disrespectful speech of the flamingo, and be went to Raikva who knew Brahman. Thus the use of the word Shudra by Raikva in tins story, does not mean that Janashruti was a Shudra by birth, but that he was sorrow-stricken. Raikva uses the words Shudra in order to indicate his thought-reading and clairaudient powers, his almost divine omniscience. It has no reference to the class called Shudra.

Note: This is a very forced meaning given to the word Shudra; the whole of this Adhikarana about Shudras together with the preceding one about the Devas, appears to be an interpolation of some later author. There is a break in the continuity of the aphorisms, by the irruption of these two Adhikaranas. That they are a digression is admitted by both Ramanuja and Baladeva. Badarayana was not illiberal-minded, as the anonymous author of these interpolated Sutras tries to make him out.

If Janashruti is not a Shudra, and if the word Shudra is applied to him in its etymological sense of «grief-impelled»,‘ then to what class did he belong? The next Sutra answers this by saying that he was a Kshatriya.

SUTRA I. 3. 35.

क्षत्रियत्वागतेश्चोत्तरत्र चैत्ररथेन लिङ्गात्॥१.३.३५॥

.. Kshatriyatva, the state of his being a Kshatriya, the fact of Janashruti’s being a Kshatriya. … Avagateh, on account of being known or understood. .. Cha, and…. Uttaratra, in a subsequent passage. Chaitrarathena, with Chaitraratha. … Lingat, because of the inferential mark.

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