kṣatikarmavyapadeśāt saḥ ..1.3.13..

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SUTRA I. 3. 13.

ईक्षतिकर्मव्यपदेशात् सः॥१.३.१३॥

īkṣatikarmavyapadeśāt saḥ ..1.3.13..

… Ikshati, seeing. … Karma, object. … Vyapadeshat, on account of being designated. … Sah, be.

13. He, the Supreme Person, is meant in this passage of the Prashna Upanishad, V, 2., as the object of seeing, because of the express declaration. — 77.

COMMENTARY

The Person seen in Brahmaloka is not the Chaturmukha Brahma but the Supreme Lord. Why? Vyapdeshat — Because there is an express declaration to that effect: and the attributes of the Person seen apply to Brahman only. For in the last verse of the said Upanishad we read: «He arrives at this by means of the Omkara; the wise arrives at that which is at rest, free from decay, from death, from fear. — the Highest». Free from decay, free from death, free from fear, — the Highest can apply only to the Supreme Brahman and not to Chaturmukha Brahma. This being so the word Brahmaloka does not mean the Loka of Brahma but the Loka or condition which is Brahman Himself: just as we explain the compound word Nishadasthapati, not as the headman of the Nishadas but as a headman who at the same time is a Nishada. In other words, it is a Karmadharaya compound; and does not mean ‘the world of Brahman’, but ‘that world which is Brahman’. See the Purva Mimamsa for Nishada- sthapati Nyaya.

Adhikarana V — The Dahara or the small is Brahman

Vishaya: In the Chhandogya Upanishad, Chap. VIII, we find the following: ‘…’

1. There is the city of Brahman (the body) and in it the palace, the small lotus (of the heart), and in that small ether. Now what exists within that small ether, that, is to be sought for, that is to be understood.

2. And if they should say to him: Now with regard to that city of Brahman, and the palace in it, i.e., the small lotus of the heart, and small ether within the heart, what is there within that deserves to be sought for, or that is to be understood?

3. Then he should say: As large as this ether (all space) is, so large is that ether within the heart. Both heaven and earth are contained within it, both fire and air, both sun and moon, both lightning and stars; and whatever there is of him (the self) here in the world and whatever is not («. e. whatever has been or will be), all that is contained within it.

4. And if they should say to him: If everything that exists is contained in that city of Brahman, all beings and all desires (whatever can be imagined or desired) then what is left of it, when old age reaches it and scatters it, or when it falls to pieces?

5. Then he should say: By the old age of the body, that (the ether or Brahman within it) does not age; by the death of the body, that (the ether or Brahman within it) is not killed. That (the Brahman) is the true Brahma-city (not the body). In it all desires are contained. It is the Self, free from sin, from old age, from death and grief, from hunger and thirst, which desires nothing but what it ought to imagine. Now as here on earth people follow as they are commanded and depend on the object which they are attached to, be it a country or a piece of land.

6. And as here on earth, whatever has been acquired by exertion, perishes, so perishes whatever is acquired for the next world by sacrifices and other good actions performed on earth. Those who depart without having discovered the Self and those true desires, for them there is no freedom in all the worlds. Those who depart from hence after having discovered the self and those true desires, for them there is freedom in all the worlds.

Doubt: The question here arises: What is this Dahara Akasha in the lotus of the heart? Is it the material space or ether or. is it the Jiva or is it the Lord Vishnu?

Purvapaksha: It is the element called ether, for the world Akasha has the well-known meaning of ether or space, or it may be the Jiva or the individual self, because it is spoken of here as the Lord of the city of the body and occupying a small space.

Siddhanta: The author replies to this objection by declaring that the Dahara Akasha or the «small ether» is Brahman.

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