Adhikarana I — The Enquiry into Brahman

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The first Adhikarana or topic is that of Brahma-Jijnasa or Enquiry into Brahman. The Adhikarana may be shown in its five parts, thus:

(1) Vishaya or Thesis. Brahman or God ought to be enquired into. The following texts show that Brahman ought to be enquired into.

As Chhandogya Upanishad (Chapter VII, 25. 1.) says:

The Infinite (Brahman) is bliss. There is no bliss in anything definite. Infinity only is bliss. The infinity, however, we must desire to understand.

Again it is written in the By. Up., II. 4. 5.

Verily, the Self is to be seen, to be heard, to be perceived, to be marked, O Maitreyi, when we see, hear, perceive, and know the Self, then all this is known.

The word Nididhystsitavya in the above, which has been translated as «to be marked», means really «to be enquired into». These two texts therefore, show that Brahman is to be enquired into.

(2) Samshaya or Doubt: But there are other texts which show that Brahman is not to be enquired into. A person who has studied the Vedas and knows the Dharma Shastra, should he enquire into Brahman? or should he not? The texts that give rise to doubt are the following:

We have drunk Soma and become immortal; we have attained the light, the Gods discovered — Rig Veda, VIII, 48. 3.

Again ‘…’ ‘Verily the reward of those who perform the four-months ceremonies is unending, eternal’. These texts show that by drinking Soma or performing Chaturmasya ceremony, immortality and unending rewards are obtained.

(3) Purvapaksha or Antithesis: Therefore, the Purvapaksha or Antithesis is: ‘Brahman need not be enquired into, Dharma is everything’.

(4) Siddhanta: To this, the author Badarayana replies by the first Sutra of his Aphorisms, saying:

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