Lexical and grammatical exercises

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Text 1.3

1) The UN has two governing bodies, the General Assembly and the Security Council. Every member nation has a seat and a vote in the General Assembly. But only 15 nations are members of the Security Council.

2) The countries of the entire planet want to preserve world peace and carry out its comprehensive development. Special UN agencies help in this. For example, UNICEF, raises funds to help children in the less-developed countries, and The World Health Organization works to better the health of all peoples.

3) Regional organizations are similar to the UN and include countries of a particular continent or region. Regional organizations strive to maintain peace in their region.

4) Because the Olympic Games allow all nations to act together for peace and compete with each other without waging war.

Lexical and grammatical exercises

2.1

Permission; refuse; solution; propose; government; veto; advertisement; defend.

2.2

1) Remain independent (оставаться независимым);

Sail the sea (плыть по морю);

Observe a law (соблюдать закон);

Avoid accidents (избежать проишествий);

Work out a definition (выработать определение);

Express the hope (выразить надежду);

Deny freedom (отрицать свободу);

Explode a nuclear device (взорвать ядерное устройство);

Hold the Olympic Games (провести Олимпийские Игры);

Fight wars (не допускать войн)

2) Maritime law (морское право);

High sea (открытое море);

Surface waters (водная поверхность);

Outer space (открытый космос);

Permanent members (постоянные члены);

Mutual problems (общие проблемы)

3) On the other land (с другой стороны);

By no means! (ни за что!);

In other words (другими словами);

Since then (с того времени);

For this reason (по этой причине);

Such as (такие как…).

2.3

Flexible, mutual, spectator, enemy, refugee, defend, vote, elect, observe, permission, avoid, suspend.

2.4

Becomes, takes place, use, have come.

№1

a) Bilateral; b) developed countries; c) desertification; d) population; e) colonialism; f) cash crops; g) fair trade; h) protectionism; i) WTO; j) control. 

№2

1) Fairground; 2) profits; 3) traders; 4) protectionism; 5) competition; 6) cut; 7) multinational; 8) fluctuating; 9) grown; 10) decreased; 11) plan.

№5

a) 4, 10; b) 1; c) 3, 6, 11 d) 2, 8; e) 5, 9; f) 7

№6

Developed countries: 3, 5, 9, 11, 17;

Quickly developing countries: 1, 4, 13, 15, 16;

Slowly developing countries: 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14.

№7

Arguments for aid:

1) Emergency aid saves lives in times of catastrophe such as famine, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc;

2) Development aid helps communities by improving water supplies, building sanitation infrastructure, building new roads, constructing housing and improving education;

3) Aid that is targeted at specific groups, for example as in literacy courses for women, can have good long-term effects;

4) Aid creates friendly links between countries and acts as a limited means of spreading the world's wealth a little more evenly.

Arguments against aid:

5) This can reduce the independence of receiving countries;

6) Fair trade is much more important than aid in overcoming poverty in developing countries;

7) Aid from developed countries may be used to draw attention away from the exploitation of poor people by unfair trading practices;

8) Some people in the North may feel that they are somehow superior to people from developing countries.

№8

1g, 2a, 3b, 4d, 5h, 6c, 7e, 8f

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