Materials for sealing fissures (sealants)

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Materials for sealing fissures (sealants)

Classification of sealants:

1) glass ionomer cements;

2) compomers;

3) composite materials.

1. Glass Ionomer cements (GIC)

Positive properties:

- have a caries-static effect due to the release of fluoride;

- chemically fixed on the tooth surface;

- do not require etching of enamel;

- hydrophilic (able to harden in the presence of moisture)

Negative properties:

- they are not strong enough;

- they wear out quickly;

- not aesthetic enough;

- poorly polished

Examples of CIC: Ketak-molar, Vitremer, Kemfill.

2. Composite sealants are a composite material of higher fluidity due to the low content of inorganic filler.

Classification of composite sealants:

By type of curing:

- self-hardening (chemical curing);

- light-cured.

By chemical composition:

- based on Bis GMA;

- with the addition of UDMA – have slightly greater fluidity, lower viscosity, but at the same time higher shrinkage.

By fullness:

- unfilled (containing less than 26 -28% filler);

- filled (containing more than 29-30% filler) – have greater resistance to abrasion, but penetrate into narrow fissures worse.

By color and transparency:

- transparent – allow you to judge the changes occurring under them, for example, the development of caries, the appearance of pigmentation;

- opaque – if they coincide with the tissues of the tooth, they are the most aesthetic, but in this case it is difficult to control their safety;

- colored (more often chalky – white or yellowish) – allow the patient or parents to control the preservation of the material on the surface of the tooth.

Examples of compos. sealants:

Consize white silant (chemical and light) – 3M – white opaque color;

Estisil LC (Kulzer) – T- yellow transparent, O - white opaque;

Degusil mineral (Degussa) – white;

Fissurite (Voco) – transparent, white;

Heliosil (Vivadent) – white opaque;

Silant (light) and Aelitsil (double curing) – Biscoe – white opaque;

FisSil (chemical and light) – Stomadent – white.

Liquid-flowing composite materials can also be used as sealants: Dyrect flo, Filtek flow.

3. Compomers have the properties of composites and CIC. They have greater hydrophilicity than composites and the ability to release fluorine in small amounts when in contact with oral fluid.

Examples: Direct Forces, Compoglass F.

There are two techniques for sealing dental fissures:

• Non—invasive (closed) sealing - isolation of fissures with sealants in order to limit the real risk zones from the action of cariesogenic factors of the oral cavity. In accordance with the general definition of WHO, measures including non-invasive sealing should be considered as part of the primary prevention of fissure caries.

 Non-invasive sealing is used if the fissures are fully accessible for visual inspection, which guarantees that there is no caries in the area of the bottom or walls of the fissures.

 • Invasive (open) sealing — sealing with preliminary grinding of enamel. Invasive sealing of fissures is used in the case of very deep and narrow fissures, when it is difficult to achieve a good filling of the fissure with a liquid filling material and it is impossible to guarantee that after filling there will not be voids. In addition, the expansion of deep and narrow fissures is shown even if its bottom is not visible during visual inspection of such a fissure. In this case, there is a risk that the bottom of the fissure may already be affected by caries. Sealing such a fissure will only lead to negative consequences.

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