The System of English Consonant and Vowel Phonemes

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IV: {{096}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: According to the place of articulation the English consonants are classed into: labial, lingual and ###.

IV: {{097}}

S: Labial consonants are subdivided into bilabial and ###.

IV: {{098}}

S: Sonorants are subdivided into occlusive and ###.

IV: {{099}}

Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: A complete loss of sounds is called …

-: elision

-: reduction

-: assimilation

-: accommodation

IV: {{100}}

S: The adaptive modification of a consonant by a neighbouring consonant in the speech chain is called …

-: elision

-: assimilation

-: reduction

-: accommodation

IV: {{101}}

S: The interchanges of “V+C type” or “C+V type” are called …

-: elision

-: accommodation

-: reduction

-: assimilation

IV: {{102}}

S: Weakening of vowels in unstressed positions is called …

-: elision

-: reduction

-: assimilation

-: accommodation

IV: {{103}}

S: A minimum vowel system of a language is likely to take the form of …

-: conus

-: triangle

-: a quadrate

-: square

IV: {{104}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: According to stability of articulation the English vowels are subdivided into: monophthongs, diphthongs and ###.

IV: {{105}} Q: Statements can be made up through matching their parts from the columns.

L1: There are … diphthongs in the English language. R1:8

L2: There are … vowel sounds in the English language. R2: 12

L3: There are … consonant sounds in the English language. R3:24

R4: 10

R5: 18

IV: {{106}} Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: There are … vowel letters in the English language.

-: 6

-: 9

-: 12

-: 20

IV: {{107}}

S: There are … consonant letters in the English language.

-: 6

-: 9

-: 20

-: 36

IV: {{108}}

S: There are … letters in the English language.

-: 20

-: 26

-: 31

-: 36

IV: {{109}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: According to the place of articulation the English consonants may be put into 3 groups: ###, lingual and glottal.

IV: {{110}}

S: Modifications of vowels in a speech chain go in two directions: quantitative or/and ###.

IV: {{111}} Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: The most frequent sound of English is:

-: ∂

-: n

-: a

-: b

IV: {{112}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: According to the height of the tongue the vowels are classified into high, mid and ###.

IV: {{113}}

S: There are ### letters in the Russian language.

IV: {{114}}

S: Usually the following lip positions are distinguished: spread, rounded and ###.

IV: {{115}}

S: According to the length diphthongs are divided into short and ###.

IV: {{116}}

S: There are active and ### organs of speech.

IV: {{117}}

S: When the tongue is raised towards the hard palate the process is called ###.

IV: {{118}}

S: Any sound can only exist in time, so it has certain ###.

IV: {{119}}

S: Duration of a sound is referred to as its ###.

IV: {{120}}

S: A phonemic transcription is ### than an allophonic.

Дидактическая единица 5

Syllabic and Accentual Structure of English Words

V: {{121}} Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: Syllable is a … pronounceable unit.

-: minimal

-: maximum

-: lexical

-: phonological

V: {{122}}

S: Syllable can be studied on … levels.

-: 3

-: 4

-: 5

-: 6

V: {{123}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: Syllable can be studied on acoustic, articulatory, auditory, ### level.

V: {{124}}

S: Syllable formation in English is based on the phonological opposition vowel - ###.

V: {{125}}

S: Vowels are usually syllabic but consonants are ###.

V: {{126}}

Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: The syllabic type vowel + consonant is called …

-: open

-: closed

-: covered

-: uncovered

V: {{127}}

S: The syllabic type consonant + vowel is called …

-: open

-: closed

-: covered

-: uncovered

V: {{128}}

S: The syllabic type CV (C) is called …

-: open

-: covered

-: closed

-: uncovered

V: {{129}}

S: The syllabic type V (C) is called …

-: open

-: uncovered

-: closed

-: covered

V: {{130}}

S: The length of the diphthong is … if it’s closed by a voiceless plosive.

-: shorter

-: the shortest

-: longer

-: the longest

V: {{131}}

S: There cannot be more than … within one syllable.

-: one vowel

-: two vowels

-: three vowels

-: four vowels

V: {{132}}

S: Word final consonants are normally …

-: weak

-: strong

-: short

-: long

V: {{133}}

S: The sonorants [l], [m], [n] are … if they are preceded by noise consonants, e.g. little.

-: syllabic

-: non-syllabic

-: vocalic

-: long

V: {{134}}

S: Prominence in speech is a … term than stress.

-: broader

-: inner

-: narrower

-: more linguistic

V: {{135}}

S: Languages are also differentiated according to the placement of …

-: consonants

-: word stress

-: vowels

-: sounds

V: {{136}}

S: Languages may have a fixed stress and a … stress.

-: free

-: syllabic

-: logical

-: phonetic

V: {{137}}

S: In French the stress falls on the … syllable of the word.

-: first

-: last

-: middle

-: initial

V: {{138}}

S: In Finnish and Czech the stress is fixed on the … syllable.

-: first

-: last

-: final

-: middle

V: {{139}}

S: Borrowed words can retain the … stresses.

-: narrow

-: original

-: free

-: broad

V: {{140}}

S: In languages with a free stress its place isn’t confined to a speech position in the …

-: word

-: sentence

-: phrase

-: text

V: {{141}}

S: The word stress in English is not only free but also …

-: fixed

-: shifting

-: prominent

-: main

V: {{142}}

S: There are actually as many degrees of stress in a word as there are …

-: syllables

-: consonants

-: letters

-: diphthongs

V: {{143}}

S: The primary stress in a word is the …

-: free

-: strongest

-: weakest

-: fixed

V: {{144}}

S: Unstressed syllables are supposed to have … stress.

-: weak

-: strong

-: fixed

-: free

V: {{145}}

S: The stress may be primary and …

-: main

-: secondary

-: weak

-: stable

V: {{146}}

S: A great number of words of Anglo-Saxon origin are …

-: long

-: monosyllabic

-: polysyllabic

-: stressed

V: {{147}}

S: In Russian word stress marks both word-building and …

-: phonemes

-: word-formation

-: allophones

-: letters

V: {{148}}

S: Word stress in English marks only …

-: word-building

-: word-formation

-: allophones

-: intonation

V: {{149}}

S: With the quickening of the speed the vowels are reduced, the secondary stress may be …

-: strong

-: dropped

-: accentuated

-: narrow

V: {{150}}

S: The words which are usually stressed in a phrase are … words.

-: notional

-: auxiliary

-: form

-: modal

V: {{151}}

S: Word stress of English performs … functions.

-: 2

-: 3

-: 4

-: 5

V: {{152}}

S: Word stress performs the constitutive, identificatory, … function.

-: distinctive

-: recognitive

-: word-building

-: phonological

V: {{153}}

S: Most of compound adjectives have … equal stresses.

-: two

-: three

-: five

-: fixed

V: {{154}}

S: Compound numerals have naturally … equal stresses.

-: two

-: three

-: five

-: fixed

V: {{155}}

S: Isolated consonants do not form … as vocabulary items.

-: words

-: syllables

-: phrases

-: sentences

V: {{156}}

S: According to their accentual weight syllables may be classified as stressed and …

-: closed

-: unstressed

-: open

-: covered

V: {{157}}

S: The oldest among the theories of the syllable is the so-called … theory.

-: sonority

-: expiratory

-: articulatory

-: mechanical

V: {{158}}

S: In syllable division the character of the … of a consonant is more important than that of the beginning.

-: end

-: middle

-: beginning

-: root

V: {{159}}

S: The … character of the vowels determines syllable division.

-: sonorant

-: free

-: final

-: lexical

V: {{160}}

S: A historically short English monophthong under stress is …

-: long

-: checked

-: open

-: closed

V: {{161}}

S: A shifting stress is one which falls on different morphemes in different grammatical forms of a word or in different … from one and the same root.

-: derivatives

-: syllables

-: morphemes

-: phonemes

V: {{162}}

S: Free word stress presupposes complete …

-: structure

-: unpredictability

-: variation

-: form

V: {{163}}

S: In English there are words where accentuation has the … factor.

-: rhythmical

-: semantic

-: lexical

-: word-forming

V: {{164}}

S: Recognitive function consists in the correct accentuation of words, which facilitates their recognition and...

-: comprehension

-: distinction

-: rhythmicality

-: structure

V: {{165}}

S: Secondary stresses in Russian are very …

-: not optional

-: rare

-: often used

-: familiar

V: {{166}}

S: The typical syllabic structure of the English word is …

-: closed

-: open

-: covered

-: uncovered

V: {{167}}

S: The maximum number of syllables in an English word can be …

-: 1

-: 8

-: 7

-: 5

V: {{168}}

S: The accentual structure of the Russian language is …

-: free

-: fixed

-: restricted

-: open

V: {{169}}

S: The accent of the French words is called …

-: restricted

-: fixed

-: free

-: open

V: {{170}}

S: The accent of the Japanese language is called …

-: musical

-: dynamic

-: open

-: closed

V: {{171}}

S: The accent of the Russian language is called …

-: musical

-: dynamic

-: open

-: closed

Дидактическая единица 6

Intonation

VI: {{172}} Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: In the broad sense intonation is …

-: a complex unity of all its components

-: speech melody and pitch variations

-: the stress which is the strongest compared with the other stresses used in a word

-: tempo, rhythm and pausation

VI: {{173}}

S: The components of intonation are …

-: speech melody, word stress, tempo, rhythm and pausation, voice-tamber

-: pre-head, head, head

-: the Low Fall, the High Fall, the Rise-Fall, the Low Rise, the High Rise, the Fall-Rise

-: pre-head, head, tail

VI: {{174}} Q: The sentence can be completed using your knowledge of theory of the subject.

S: Rhythm is the regular alternation of stressed and ###.

VI: {{175}}

S: A special voice colouring is called ###.

VI: {{176}} Q: The correct answer for the following is:

S: The parts of an intonation pattern are pre-head, head, nucleus, …

-: end

-: tail

-: finish

-: post-head

VI: {{177}}

S: The phonemic composition of the words of a sentence may differ from that composition of words when they are used in …

-: isolation

-: a context

-: a text

-: a phrase

VI: {{178}}

S: Isolated words don’t express the speaker’s attitude, feelings and thoughts, they don’t constitute a …

-: sentence

-: form

-: word

-: combination

VI: {{179}}

S: Intonation turns the word or word combination into a …

-: action

-: sentence

-: type

-: context

VI: {{180}}

S: Intonation performs its sentence-constitutive function not only in oral speech, but also in … language.

-: written

-: English

-: French

-: foreign

VI: {{181}}

S: In written texts intonation is represented by …

-: grammar

-: punctuation

-: phonemes

-: allophones

VI: {{182}}

S: Intonation cannot represent all the extremely rich and varied intonations of living …

-: being

-: speech

-: organism

-: people

VI: {{183}}

S: The punctuation marks at the end of the sentence do double duty – delimit sentences, indicate different syntactic types of …

-: sentences

-: words

-: phrases

-: units

VI: {{184}}

S: A full stop signals the writer’s intention to make the sentence …

-: declarative

-: interrogative

-: exclamatory

-: complex

VI: {{185}}

S: The question mark may signal two different patterns of intonation: downward and …

-: upward

-: inward

-: fall-rise

-: special

VI: {{186}}

S: The change of pitch may be a realization of two phonologically opposed sentence tones: falling and …

-: rising

-: falling-rising

-: falling

-: rising and falling

VI: {{187}}

S: An exclamation mark signals that the fall is …

-: lower

-: wider

-: slow

-: quick

VI: {{188}}

S: Some phoneticians define intonation only as variation of …

-: pitch

-: tempo

-: tamber

-: pauses

VI: {{189}}

S: In the narrow sense intonation is speech melody and …

-: pitch variations

-: tempo

-: stress

-: pausation

VI: {{190}}

S: Although the four components of intonation function all together, none of them can be isolated in actual …

-: analysis

-: speech

-: sentence

-: pitch

VI: {{191}}

S: The constitutive, distinctive and … functions – are functions of intonation.

-: identificatory

-: phonological

-: stylistic

-: lexical

VI: {{192}}

S: The constitutive function manifests itself in the delimitative function, both within a sentence and at its …

-: end

-: middle

-: tail

-: nucleus

VI: {{193}}

S: The delimitative function within a sentence consists in delimiting from each other its portions which are known as …

-: groups

-: intonation-groups

-: grammar-groups

-: terminal groups

VI: {{194}}

S: The last stressed syllable of a sense-group or sentence is called …

-: nucleus

-: tail

-: head

-: variant

VI: {{195}}

S: A syllable containing a high fall is … than one with a low fall.

-: slower

-: longer

-: shorter

-: quicker

VI: {{196}}

S: A stressed syllable is usually represented like a dash, an unstressed – like a …

-: dot

-: curve

-: stave

-: tone

VI: {{197}}

S: All nuclear tones may be made …

-: emphatic

-: slower

-: longer

-: quicker

VI: {{198}}

S: The High Normal tones are in most frequent use, and may be considered as the … variety.

-: territorial

-: basic

-: dialectal

-: regional

VI: {{199}}

S: One section of an intonation pattern, formed by unstressed or partially stressed syllable(s) preceding the 1^st fully stressed syllable is called the …

-: prehead

-: head

-: nucleus

-: tail

VI: {{200}}

S: One section of an intonation pattern, formed by the 1^st fully stressed syllable of the intonation-group is called the …

-: prehead

-: head

-: nucleus

-: tail

VI: {{201}}

S: One section of an intonation-group, formed by the stressed and unstressed syllables lying between the head and the nucleus is called the …

-: body

-: prehead

-: head

-: nucleus

VI: {{202}}

S: When the nuclear syllable is followed by any unstressed or partially stressed syllable(s) it is called the …

-: prehead

-: tail

-: head

-: body

VI: {{203}}

S: The type of tail depends on the … tone used.

-: nuclear

-: final

-: terminal

-: level

VI: {{204}}

S: The terminal tone is a … unit than a nuclear tone.

-: broader

-: narrower

-: closer

-: more basic

VI: {{205}}

S: There are … pitch levels.

-: 2

-: 3

-: 4

-: 5

VI: {{206}}

S: Pitch range is the interval between … differently-pitched syllables.

-: 2

-: 3

-: 4

-: 5

VI: {{207}}

S: Pitch ranges may be wide or …

-: narrow

-: broad

-: quick

-: slow

VI: {{208}}

S: Pitch ranges should not be confused with pitch …

-: tone

-: level

-: end

-: analysis

VI: {{209}}

S: The American descriptivists define 4 pitch levels: extra high, high, mid and …

-: big

-: low

-: graphic

-: nucleus

VI: {{210}}

S: Terminal sentence tonemes distinguish the speaker’s emotional attitudes. This is the … function of intonation.

-: attitudinal

-: distinctive

-: functional

-: phonological

VI: {{211}}

S: If there are two or more words in an intonation-group, at least one of them should have sentence …

-: stress

-: end

-: pitch

-: group

VI: {{212}}

S: Sentence-stress may be defined as the special … given to one or more words so as to single them out among the other words in the same intonation group.

-: means

-: prominence

-: device

-: way

VI: {{213}}

S: Sentence accent is … from word accent.

-: different

-: the same

-: lower

-: narrower

VI: {{214}}

S: The distribution of stresses in a sentence is determined primarily by the … factor.

-: semantic

-: linguistic

-: functional

-: lexical

VI: {{215}}

S: Word accentuation is determined by the accentual rules of the …

-: language

-: speech

-: English

-: vocabulary

VI: {{216}}

S: A word or a group of words which conveys the most important point of communication in the sense group is called the …

-: head

-: communicative centre

-: nucleus

-: centre

VI: {{217}}

S: Communicative centre contains … information for the listener.

-: new

-: known

-: old

-: modern

VI: {{218}}

S: The stress on the word expressing the communicative centre is called the …

-: nominal stress

-: logical stress

-: normal stress

-: emphatic stress

VI: {{219}}

S: Different degrees of sentence-stress distinguish emphatic sentences from … ones.

-: unemphatic

-: complex

-: interrogative

-: compound

VI: {{220}}

S: The temporal component of intonation manifests itself in pauses, duration, …

-: stress

-: rhythm

-: speed

-: rate

VI: {{221}}

S: Physical nature of … is yet unknown.

-: tamber

-: stress

-: rhythm

-: tempo

VI: {{222}}

S: There are no languages which are spoken as a …

-: quick tone

-: monotone

-: rapid speech

-: variety

VI: {{223}}

S: Term “prosody” cannot substitute the term …

-: intonation

-: pitch

-: language

-: pause

VI: {{224}}

S: An intonation pattern contains … nucleus.

-: one

-: two

-: three

-: five

VI: {{225}}

S: Terminal tone is formed by the nucleus and …

-: the tail

-: head

-: prehead

-: body

VI: {{226}}

S: There exist several notation systems which represent intonation in …

-: listening

-: writing

-: asking

-: mentioning

VI: {{227}}

S: We can roughly divide the information in a message into given information and … information.

-: new

-: old

-: modern

-: old-fashioned

VI: {{228}}

S: Given information is called …

-: the theme

-: old

-: known

-: modern

VI: {{229}}

S: New information is called …

-: the rheme

-: acknowledged

-: admitted

-: accepted

VI: {{230}}

S: The most powerful phonological unit is the …

-: terminal tone

-: syntactical tone

-: nuclear tone

-: initial tone

VI: {{231}}

S: The number of terminal tones indicates the number of …

-: punctuation marks

-: intonation groups

-: syllables

-: words

VI: {{232}}

S: Rhythm is realized in lexical, syntactical and … means.

-: prosodic

-: grammatical

-: functional

-: modern

VI: {{233}}

S: There are two groups of languages syllable-timed and …

-: stress-timed

-: mono-timed

-: phoneme-timed

-: place-timed

VI: {{234}}

S: Speech rhythm has influence on vowel reduction and …

-: accommodation

-: elision

-: neutralization

-: transmission

VI: {{235}}

S: The more organized, the speech is the more …

-: rhythmical

-: quick

-: slow

-: modern

VI: {{236}}

S: The most striking rhythmicality is observed in …

-: poetry

-: literature

-: articles

-: tales

VI: {{237}}

S: There are numerous stylistic … known in poetry.

-: devices

-: words

-: structures

-: groups

VI: {{238}}

S: Repetition of the same sound at frequent intervals is called …

-: alliteration

-: assonance

-: parallelism

-: polysyndeton

VI: {{239}}

S: Imitation of the sounds of animals is called …

-: alliteration

-: sound symbolism

-: parallelism

-: polysyndeton

VI: {{240}}

S: The unusual word order chosen to emphasize the logical centre of the phrase is called …

-: inversion

-: assonance

-: parallelism

-: polysyndeton

VI: {{241}}

S: A syntactical stylistic device which stimulates rhythmicality of a poem by repetition of the same conjunctions is called …

-: inversion

-: polysyndeton

-: parallelism

-: alliteration

VI: {{242}}

S: A syntactical stylistic device which helps to increase rhythmicality by repetition of grammatical structures is called …

-: syntactical parallelism

-: repetition

-: alliteration

-: polysyndeton

VI: {{243}}

S: A special choice of words to show the increase of feelings, emotions or actions is called …

-: intensification

-: metaphor

-: simile

-: personification

VI: {{244}}

S: A fairy-tale has a specific manner of oral presentation, different from poetry and …

-: article

-: prose

-: text

-: newspaper style

VI: {{245}}

S: The end of a rhythmic unit is marked by a …

-: pause

-: tempo

-: stress

-: intensity

VI: {{246}}

S: Pauses may be long, very long and …

-: short

-: quick

-: simple

-: complex

VI: {{247}}

S: Speech without pauses seems …

-: unnatural

-: natural

-: formal

-: informal

Дидактическая единица 7

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