I. Text A: «Welding», Text В: «Other types of welding»

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FAMOUS INVENTORS

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a famous Swedish chem­ist and inventor. He was born in Stockholm in 1833. Af­ter receiving an education in St. Petersburg, Russia, and then in the United States, where he studied mechanical engineering, he returned to St. Petersburg to work with his father in Russia. They were developing mines, tor­pedoes, and other explosives.

In a family-owned factory in Heleneborg, Sweden, he developed a safe way to handle nitroglycerine, after a factory explosion in 1864 killed his younger brother and four other people. In 1867 Nobel achieved his goal: he produced what he called dynamite динамит. Не later produced one of the first smokeless powders (порох). At the time of his death he controlled factories for the manufacture of explosives (взрывчатое вещество) in many parts of the world. In his will he wanted that the major portion of his money left became a fund for yearly prizes in his name. The prizes were to be given for merits (заслуги) in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiol­ogy, literature, and world peace. A prize in economics has been awarded since 1969.

UNIT 6

WELDING

I. Text A: «Welding», Text В: «Other types of welding»

II. Famous People of Science and Technology: James Prescott Joule.

Text A: «WELDING»

Welding is a process when metal parts arejoined to­gether by the application of heat, pressure, or a combi­nation of both. The processes of welding can be divided into two main groups:

• pressure welding, when the weld isachieved by pressure and

• heat welding, when the weld is achieved by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today.

Nowadays welding is usedinstead of bolting andriv­eting in the construction of many types of structures, including bridges, buildings, and ships. It is also abasicprocess in themanufacture of machinery and in the mo­tor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in all productions where metals are used.

The welding processdepends greatly on the proper­ties of the metals, thepurpose of their application and theavailable equipment. Welding processes are clas­sified according to thesources of heat and pressure used.

The welding processes widely employed today include gas welding, arc welding, and resistancewelding. Other joining processes arelaser welding, andelectron-beam welding.

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