Перевод текста: A. Sakharov - А. Сахаров

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Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, an outstanding scientist and public figure, was born in 1921.

The biography of A. Sakharov as one of the "secret" authorities in thermonuclear physics mainly falls on the times of the "thaw". In 1948 he began serious work on hydrogen bomb and while working on the problem he came to the conclusion that any atomic and nuclear should be banned.

He wrote many articles on the problems which were published abroad. He protested against the invasion in Afganistan, against every violation of human rights.

Abroad Sakharov was recognised as a civil rights activist and received the Peace Nobel's Prize. At home he was persecuted, deprived of all his titles and orders and exiled to the city of Gorky. In Gorky he continued to work for peace, justice and human rights.

Only in 1985 A. D. Sakharov was allowed to come back to Moscow. He was given back all his titles and was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet. But he died in December 1989.

A. D. Sakharov is remembered by everybody as an outstanding humanist and philosopher.

В 1921 г. родился Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров, выдающийся ученый и общественный деятель.

Биография А. Сахарова как одного из «секретных» авторитетов в термоядерной физике главным образом приходится на времена «оттепели». В 1948 г. он начал серьезную работу над водородной бомбой и, работая над проблемой, пришел к выводу, что все атомное и ядерное должно быть запрещено.

Он написал много статей посвященных этим проблемам, которые были опубликованы за границей. Он выступал против вторжения в Афганистан, против любого нарушения прав человека.

За границей Сахаров был признан борцом за гражданские права и получил Нобелевскую Премию Мира. Дома он подвергался преследованиям, был лишен всех своих званий и сослан в город Горький. В Горьком он продолжал работать во имя мира, правосудия и прав человека.

Только в 1985 г. А. Д. Сахарову разрешили возвратиться в Москву. Ему были возвращены все его звания, он был избран депутатом Верховного Совета. Но в декабре 1989 г. его не стало.

А. Д. Сахарова все помнят как выдающегося гуманиста и философа.

Ломоносов

Mikhail Lomonosov was born in 1711 in Archangelsk province. His father was a fisher and young Mikhail liked to help him. He always strove for knowledge and liked reading books.

As he was 19 years old, he decided to study in Moscow. He went there on foot. In Moscow he entered the Slavic- Greek-Latin Academy. After his graduation from Academy he was sent abroad to complete his knowledge in chemistry and mining. After he had returned from abroad, he became the first Russian professor of chemistry in 1745.

At first he was engaged in research in physics and chemistry. Since 1748 he had conducted works in the first Russian chemical research laboratory, which was built at his request.

Since 1753 he was engaged in research in many fields of natural and applied sciences. He wrote works on physics, astronomy, geography, history. Besides scientific works, he wrote poems as well. He is the author of the first scientifical grammar of the Russian language.

He founded the factory producing colored glass. He created some mosaics using the glass produced at the factory.

Lomonosov was the founder of the first Russian university. This university is situated in Moscow and still carries his name.

Mikhail Lomonosov died in 1765. But he is still known as the father of the Russian science, an outstanding poet, the founder of Russian literature.

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