can (мочь ч-л делать)/  be able to (смочь ч-л сделать)

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can (мочь ч-л делать)/  be able to (смочь ч-л сделать)

Present

Past

Future

can

could

-----

I                    am

He, she, it      is    able to

We, you, they are

I                    was

He, she, it                  able to 

We, you, they were

shall

        be able to

will

may (можно)/  be allowed to ( разрешается)

Present

Past

Future

may

might + Infinitive (в значении «возможность»)

-----

am

is    allowed to

are

was

         allowed to 

were

shall

        be allowed to

will

must /  be to/  have to/ ought to/ should/ would

Present

Past

Future

Значение

must

-----

-----

должен

am

is  to

are

was

      to 

were

shall

    be to

will

должен по приказу, необходимости, расписанию

have

        to

has

(I don’t have to…)

had to

(He didn’t have to…)

will have to

(We won’t have to)

вынужден в силу независящих от кого-то обстоятельств

ought to

-----

-----

моральный долг

should

-----

-----

долженствования или совета

would

-----

-----

придает намерение, повторяемость и систематичность действию в прошлом

need/ have to

Don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t + Infinitive Indefinite

Выражает отсутствие какой-либо необходимости в настоящем или будущем времени

You needn’t worry about it any more. - Не стоит больше об этом беспокоиться.

Didn’t need to/ didn’t have to + Infinitive Indefinite

Выражает отсутствие какой-либо необходимости в прошлом, и неизвестно было ли действие совершено

She didn’t need to buy a dress for a party. – Не было необходимости покупать платье на вечер.

Needn’t + Perfect Infinitive без частицы to

Известно, что какое-то действие было совершено в прошлом, хотя в этом не было необходимости

You needn’t have said that. – Не стоило тебе это говорить.

Test

1. Ann is looking for a job as an actress. She … sing, dance and act.

a) has to b) can c) must

2. I can’t go to the party tonight. I…go to the dentist.

a) can b) should c) have to

3. If you want to pass this exam, you…work very hard.

a) have to b) are to c) can

4. You…talk here. The baby is sleeping.

a) can’t b) mustn’t c) needn′t

5. When I was a boy, I…ride a bike but I couldn’t drive.

a)could b)couldn’t c) can’t

6. Mrs. Campbell has got three young children and she…do a lot of washing.

a) has to b) can c) ought to

7. I wanted to phone you yesterday but I…remember your number.

a) shouldn’t b) mustn’t c) couldn’t

8. He wants to go to Australia but I think he…to find a job there.

a) wasn’t able b) isn’t able 

c) won’t be able

9. …I see your ticket and passport?

a) may b) must c) should

10. If you want to lose weight, you…eat lots of salad and fruit.

a) can’t b)mustn’t c) should

11. Sorry I’m late. I…start the car this morning.

a) couldn’t b) shouldn’t c)mustn’t

12. - When are you going to clean your apartment?

- I don’t know. I…clean it today, or I…clean it next Saturday.

a) might b)can c)must

13. My parents think I…get better marks.

a) have to b) am to c) should

14. Peter…play in the basketball team when he was a little boy. He was too short.

a) couldn’t b) mustn’t c)needn′t

15. They…go swimming during their vacation. It was cold.

a) could b) couldn’t c) mustn’t

16. Mary has lost her key and she…get into her apartment.

a) has to b) can’t c) can

17. I…go to work at eight o’clock sharp.

a) must   b) can c) should

18. You…do it today. You can do it tomorrow morning.

a) can’t b) mustn’t c) needn′t

19. She…do this work by the end of the month.

a) is to b) mustn’t c) shouldn’t

20. The train…arrive at 10 a.m.

a) needn′t b) mustn’t c) is to

.

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