Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Rus­sian.

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§ 25. Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Rus­sian.

The meaning of the English article may sometimes be expressed in Russian by means of:

(a)cases.

Pour the water into the glass. — Налейте воду в стакан.

Pour some water into the glass. — Налейте воды в стакан.

(b)word order.

A woman came up to me and asked what time it was. — Ко мне подошла женщина и спросила, который час.

The woman has come. — Женщина пришла.

(c)the words один, какой-то, какой-нибудь (the indefinite ar­ticle), этот, тот самый (the definite article).

A man is waiting for you downstairs. — Вас внизу ждеткакой- то человек.

Do you  know  Nina? Yes, I do. I likethe girl immensely — Вы знаете Нину? Знаю. Мне очень нравитсяэта девушка.

Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles

§ 26. The use of articles with the nouns day, nighty morning, evening.

The nouns day, night, morning, evening art used without articles:

(a)if day and morning mean 'light', and night and evening mean 'darkness', or if they denote a certain part of the day.

Day broke and we started.

The sun had gone and night had come. (Abrahams)

Day is meant for work, night for sleep.

It was evening. The river was before them. (Dreiser)

(b)in the expressions by day, at night, from morning till night.

It is easier to work by day than at night.

The definite article is used when these nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes them definite.

He will never forgetthe day when he met her.

The night was warm and beautifully still. (Voynich)

We spentthe night in the forest.

The indefinite article is used when the noun is modified by a de­scriptive attribute.

I spenta sleepless night.

When the nouns morning and evening are modified by the adjec­tives early and late, no articles are used because these adjectives do not describe the morning or night, but only show the time.

It was early morning when the train pulled into the little siding. (Abrahams)

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