Use of Articles with Proper Nouns

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NOUNS OF MATERIAL

§ 5. With nouns of material used in a general sense, when a certain material as such is meant, no article is used.

Honey is wholesome.

On hearing what had happened, she (Katie) ran for warm water... (Voynich)

§ 6. When a definite part of the substance is meant (when the noun is modified by a particularizing attribute or is made definite by the situ­ation), the definite article is used.

Pettinger gulped down a glass ofthe sherry which Cornelius had finally brought. (Heym)

The meat was good and White Fang was hungry. (London)

§ 7. When an indefinite part of the substance is meant, some is used.

We tooksome bread and cheese with us, and gotsome goat's milk up there on the pasture. (Voynich)

Nouns of material denoting different sorts of material are counta- bles and the articles are used according to the general use of articles with class nouns.

A pleasure to givea good wine to a young woman who looked so well. (Galsworthy)

ABSTRACT NOUNS

§ 8. When abstract nouns are used in a general sense, no article is used.

While there is life there is hope.

§ 9. When abstract nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes the idea definite, they are used with the definite article.

He (Cowperwood) wasthe courage and force of his father,thespirit and opportunity of his brothers,the hope of his children,thedignity and significance of the Cowperwood name. (Dreiser)

 Last night I heard Carmen and enjoyedthe music.

Note 1. It should be borne in mind that abstract nouns modified by an attribute in pre-position are used without articles unless they are modi­fied by particularizing attributes: English literature, Russian art_y Spanish music.

Note 2. The abstract noun weather is never used with the indefinite article.

What fine weather!

It is burning weather. (Ch. Bronte)

When the noun weather is used in a general sense, the definite article is used.

There are people who say thatthe weather can influence people's mood. (Bennett)

§10. Abstract nouns can be used with the indefinite article. In this case the abstract noun denotes a certain kind (оттенок) of a quality, feeling, state, etc. The noun nearly always has a descriptive attribute.

How clever you are, Mr. Hopper. You havea cleverness quite of your own. (Wilde)

In her eyes there wasan eagerness, which could hardly be seen without delight. (Austen)

(On the use of articles with countable abstract nouns see note on page 37.)

§11. The indefinite article is used with the nouns period, population, distance, height, salary etc. followed by of + numeral + noun.

Simpson was out of the city fora period of ten days. (Dreiser)

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