can-could may-might must ought to will would shall should have to need dare used to

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MODAL VERBS

The modal verbs are:

can-could may-might must ought to will would shall should have to need dare used to

Ability/Inability

Possibility/Impossibility

Permission/Concession

I can see smoke in the distance.

She can’t speak German.

When I was at school, I could play a lot. (repeated action)

He was able to escape through a window. (single action)

She wasn’t able/couldn’t eat the sandwich. (Both types are possible in the negative sentence.)

You can have a piece of cake if you want one.

We could ask someone for help.

He may be lucky this time.

She might come with us. (But I don’t think so.)

You can’t rely on British weather.

Is she likely to come?

Is it likely that she’ll come?

Can I ask you a question?

Could you give me some advice?

May I make a suggestion?

MightI borrow your newspaper? (formal)

You can sit here if you like to.

You may take the last sweet.

Obligation/Duty

Necessity

Prohibition

She must pay the rent by Friday. (strong obligation or duty)

I have to speak to the boss. (obligation/necessity)

He had to have an X-ray.

I need to improve my French.

The house needs cleaning.

He has to make up his mind soon.

MustI go with you?

Do I have to finish this now?

Need he sign the form?

You mustn’t/are not to eat in this room. (It’s against the rules.)

You can’t join the tennis club. (You aren’t allowed to join the tennis club.)

Absence of obligation or necessity

Logical assumption (affirmation)

Logical assumption (negative)

You needn’t worry – everything is under control.

I don’t have to leave until 3 p.m.

You needn’t have waited for me. (But you waited.)

They didn’t need to make any more food. (And they didn’t.)

He must be nervous about the test.

You must be feeling very sad.

She must have left by now.

He must have been lying all along.

It can’t be yours. (I’m sure it isn’t.)

She can’tbe enjoying herself; she looks so bored.

He can’t have broken the window.

You can’thave been listening properly.

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