Yaajnyavalkya’s Story, Shukla Yajurveda

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Yaajnyavalkya’s Story, Shukla Yajurveda

Now, Chapter 5.

Paraasharar is going to tell the story of how the saakshaatkaara of Shukla Yajurveda was done by Yaajnyavalkya, and also Vaishmpaayana's story. How the Shukla Yajurveda was taught by Surya to Yaajnyavalkya, which we will see next.

We are studying about how the Vedaas which were existing as one huge unit, were divided into four by Vedavyaasa. He accepted four shishyaas, Paila for Rigveda, Vaishampaayana for Yajurveda, Jaimini for Saamaveda, Sumantu for Atharvaveda. How the four Vedaas were formed was also told. Though it is told as Veda trayee, the three Vedaas, one explanation given is that three kinds of mantraas, Adhvaryava, Houtra, and Oudgaatru mantraas, were all taken from one big unit of Vedaas separately. Those which are used by the Adhvaryu, for performing the yaagaas, those which are used by the Hotru, and those which are used by the Udgaatru, were all taken out from one single Veda, which existed as one unit, and were named as Yajurveda, Rigveda and Saamaveda. Later on, the fourth Veda was also formed, picking up the other mantraas, which are used for the various karmaas of kings, like Shaantika, Poushtika, Aabhichaarika. Though four ritviks are there in all yaagaas, Adhvaryu, Hotru, Udgaatru, and Brahma, three kinds of mantraas are prominently used by the three ritviks – these are the Adhvaryu mantraas, Hotru mantraas and Udgaatru mantraas. This is one explanation given for the trayee. Brahma is the one who has studied the Atharva Veda, and he also knows the other three prayogaas, he is supposed to be one of the ritviks for all the yaagaas.

How the prachaara and pravartana of Rigveda was done, starting with Paila and all the shishyaas, Indrapramiti, Baashkala and all others, and it grew into innumerable number of branches, through shishyaas, prashishyaas, their sons, and it started getting multiple branches. It grew into a huge tree. This was all seen in Amsha 3, Chapter 4.

In the current Chapter 5, Paraasharar continues to talk about how Yajurveda prachaara was done. And then the Saamaveda and then Atharva Veda. While telling the Yajurveda shaakhaa, there is a small story which comes, about Yaajnyavalkya and Vaishampaayana which Sri Paraasharar tells.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 1:

Sri Paraasharah –

Yajurveda taroh shaakhaah saptavimshan mahaamunih |
Vaishampaayana naama asou vyaasashishyah chakaara vai ||

27 shaakhaas, branches of Yajurveda, were done by Vaishampaayana who was shishya of Vyaasa.

There are 27 main branches in Yajurveda. The tree of Yajurveda was divided into main branches. Vyaasa's shishya, Vaishampaayana, who was taken as shishya for promulgation of Yajurveda, created 27 main shaakhaas.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yajurveda taroh iti | Saptavimshati yajushah pradhaana shaakhaah | Brahmaanda uktah shadasheeti pakshah tat pratishaakhaa vivakshayaa | Taah cha kaanvaadi shukla yajuh panchadashakam cha samhatya eka shatam adhvaryu shaakhaah aapastambha uktaah syuh |

27 shaakhaas told here are the main shaakhaas of Yajurveda. Brahmaanda Puraana tells about 86 shaakhaas. Among the 27 main shaakhaas, these are the sub-branches. Shukla Yajurveda which is going to be told now, how Yaajnyavalkya obtained the Shukla Yajurveda, that is about Kaanva and other shaakhaas, and this is 15 shaakhaas. 86 and 15 put together, 101 is said to be the Yajurveda shaakhaas. This is how Aapastambha Rishi says.

In the Brahmaanda Puraana, it is told that 86 branches are there. That means that these main branches have sub branches. Shukla Yujurveda, has Kaanva and other branches, totally 15 branches. This becomes 86 + 15 = 101, which is said to be the count of Yajurveda shaakhaas. It has the mantraas used by the adhvaryu in any karma. Out of these, 27 are the main branches created by Vaishampaayana. Aapastambha rishi has told that there are 101 branches in the Yajurveda.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 2:

Shishyebhyah pradadou taah cha jagruhuh te api anukramaat |
He taught it to various students. They all mastered those parts.

He taught all those 27 shaakhaas to various shishyaas, and they all mastered the Samhitaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 3:

Yaajnyavalkyah tu tatra abhoot brahmaraatosuto dvija |
Shishyah paramadharmajnyo guruvruttiparah sadaa ||

Brahmaraata's son Yaajnyavalkya was one of the shishyaas of Vaishampaayana, who learnt Krishna Yajurveda from Vaishampaayana. He was very devoted to serving his master Vaishampaayana; he was a parama dharmajnya, following the dharma, and very knowledgeable.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 4:

Rishih yo adya mahaa meroh samaaje na aagamishyati |
Tasya vai sapta raatraah tu brahmahatyaa bhavishyati ||

At that time, there was a conference of all rishis which was organized, in the Meru parvata, and if someone does not come there, within seven days, they will get affected by Brahmahatyaa dosha.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Rishih iti | Adya asmin dine |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 5:

Poorvamevam muniganaih samayo yah kruto dvija |
Vaishampaayana ekah tu tam vyatikraantavaan tadaa ||

This was agreed upon by all the groups of rishis, earlier itself. For some reason, Vaishampaayana could not go to that assembly, of all the munis.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 6:

Svastreeyam baalakam so atha padaa sprushtam ataadayat ||

His sister's child was lying down, and accidentally, Vaishampaayana stepped on the child. His foot touched the child, and the child died immediately.

Because of this, he got Brahma hatyaa dosha, and because of this, he had to do some vrataas, to get rid of that dosha.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 7:

Shishyaan aaha cha bhooh shishyaa brahmahatyaapaham vratam |
Charadhvam matkrute sarve na vichaaryam idam tathaa ||

He asked all the shishyaas to perform some vrata, due to which he will get rid of his Brahma hatyaa dosha. The vrata which will get rid of the brahmahatyaa dosha, please implement that, for my sake do all of these, and no one should question these. Shishyaas have to follow whatever the aachaarya says.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yat gurunaa kaaryam tat tasya putra shishyaadibhih api kaaryam iti bhaavena aaha shishyaan iti |

Whatever an aachaarya has to do, that, the sons and shishyaas are also supposed to do.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 8:

Atha aaha yaajnyavalkyah tu kimebhih bhagavaan dvijaih |
Kleshitaih alpatejobhih charishye aham idam vratam ||

At that time, Yaajnyavalkya says, O Aachaarya, what is the use of having all these shishyaas of yours, I will do it alone. They are all very troubled, and do not have the proper capability and the tejas required. Why do we need all the shishyaas, I can do it alone and make you get rid of the Brahmahatyaa dosha.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 9:

Tatah kruddho guruh praaha yaajnyavalkyam mahaamunim |
Muchyataam yat tvayaa adheetam matto vipraavamaanaka ||

Then Vaishampaayana rishi gets very angry, and he tells the great sage Yaajnyavalkya – "You have insulted all the other Brahmins, all the other shishyaas of mine, and whatever you have learnt, just throw it out".

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 10:

Nistejaso vadasyenaan yat tvam braahmana pungavaan |
Tena shishyena naartho asti mama aajnyaa bhanga kaarinaa ||

They are all shreshtha braahmanaas, excellent Brahmins, and you are telling that they are without any power, tejas, capability. You have insulted them. Whatever you have learnt from me, throw it out and leave. That student who does not follow my orders, I have no use of him, I do not want him here. Whatever you have learnt from me, give it back.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 11:

Yaajnyavalkyah tatah praaha bhaktyaa etat te mayaa uditam |
Mama api alam tvayaa adheetam yanmayaa tad idam dvija ||

Yaajnyavalkya says – "I told you only because of the utter devotion I have in you and not to insult the other Brahmins. This is enough for me. I have learnt enough from you, and do not want what I have learnt from you", and he throws it out.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yaajnyavalkyah iti | Mama api tvayaa alam na artho asti iti arthah |

I don't have any more use. I don't need anything else.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 12:

Sri Paraasharah –

Iti uktvaa rudhiraaktaani saroopaani yajoomshi sah |
Chardayitvaa dadou tasmai yayou cha sva icchayaa munih ||

Sri Paraasharar – All the Yajurvedaas which he had learnt, he vomited. It was mixed with blood and other things, and it had a form. He vomited whatever he had learnt in the form of some substance mixed with blood. And he went out.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Iti uktvaa iti | Iti uktvaa svaroopaani moortaani |

It was a solid substance.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 13:

Yajoomshi atha visrushtaani yaajnyavalkyena vai dvija |
Jagruhuh tittiraa bhootvaa taittireeyaah tu te tatah ||

All the Yajurveda mantraas which were vomited by Yaajnyavalkya, all the other shishyaas, they took the form of Tittiri birds, and ate all the Yajurveda mantraas which were thrown out by him, mixed with his blood. They were all known as Taittiriyaas. This shaakhaa became known as Taittiriya shaakhaa.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yajoomshi iti | Yaajnyavalkya vyatirikta shishyaah charditam vipraroopena gruheetum anuchitam iti tittiree bhootaa jagruhuh |

All the shishyaas other than Yaajnyavalkya, they were all Brahmins, and thought that it is not right for them to consume what was mixed with blood and thrown out like that; it was not pure for them to consume like that. They took the form of Tittiri birds and then consumed it. Because it was the sacred Yajurveda mantraas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 14:

Brahmahatyaa vratam cheernam gurunaa choditaih tu yaih |
Chakruh aadhvaryavam te tu charanaam munisattama ||

After that, they adopted all the vrataas, Brahmahatyaa vrataas, and he got rid of all the Brahmahatyaa dosha, as ordered by their aachaarya, Vaishampaayana. They performed the vrata as per his order. They did all the vrataas with Adhvaryu mantraas.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Brahmahatyaa iti | Cheernam charitam | Adhvaryavah yajusshaakhaadhyaayinah | Yajus shaakhaadhyaanaat adhvaryutvam |

They put it to practice. They are called Adhvaryus, those who study the Yajurveda. They became Adhvaryus because of studying the Yajurveda.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 15:

Yaajyavalkyo api maitreya praanaayaama paraayanah |
Tushtaava pranatah sooryam yajoomshi abhilashamstatah ||

Yaajnyavalkya started doing yoga, praanaayaama. He wanted to again master the Yajurveda, he worshipped Soorya with praanaayaama and all the yoga practices. He prayed to Soorya thus.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Yaajnyavalkya iti | Yajoomshi vaishampaayanaat adheetaani |
Whatever he had studied from Vaishampaayana, desiring that again, he does upaasanaa of Soorya.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 16:

Yaajnyavalkyah –

Namassavitre dvaaraaya mukteh amitatejase |
Rug yajus saama bhootaaya trayeedhaamne cha te namah ||

Yaajnyavalkya – I pay obeisance to Soorya, Savitru devataa, one who impels the whole world, and is the path for Moksha. Who has got immense effulgence. He is the personification of Rig, Yajus, Saama. He is the form of these three Vedaas.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 17:

Namo agnishoma bhootaaya jagatah kaaranaatmane |
Bhaaskaraaya param tejah soushumna ruchi bibhrate ||

Agni is the cause of heat. Shoma is for rains. The Sun who is nothing but Agni and Shoma, I do namaskaara to that Sun. He is said to be the cause of the world. He throws away the rays which nurture all the plants and trees.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Nama iti | Agnishoma aatmatvam aatapa vrushti hetutvaat | Kaaranaatmane * Yaabhih aadityah tapati rashmibhih * iti prakriyayaa | Soushumnam somaposhakam amrutam |

Because of his rays only, and because he is burning bright, all the rain and other things happen. He is the cause of heat and rain. That is why he is said to be the cause of the world.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 18:

Kalaa kaashthaa nimeshaa aadi kaala samjyaatmane namah |
Dhyeyaaya vishnuroopaaya parama akshara roopine ||

Because of the Sun only, all the divisions in time are established – kalaa, kaashthaa, nimeshaa, and others. I pay obeisance to the Sun. Who is the cause of all these time divisions. One who is the object of meditation. You are the form of Vishnu only. And Pranava.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Kalaa iti | Kaala samjyaatmane kaalasya sanjyaapanaaya | Kaala jnyaana aatmana iti cha paathah | Parama aksharam pranavah, * Omiti prastutya * Etat paramam aksharam * iti shruteh |

He is the one who causes all the divisions in time. He is the Pranava roopi. Shruti says, starting with Om, is the Pranava. This is the Parama akshara.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 19:

Bibharti yah suraganaan aapyaaya indum sva rashmibhih |
Svadhaa amrutena cha pitruun tasmai dhrutyaatmane namah ||

He supports all the hosts of devataas. He pleases Chandra with all his rays. He satisfies all the pitrus, and causes them happiness.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Bibharti iti | Dhrutyaatmane dhaarayitre | Truptyaatmana iti cha paathah |

He bears everyone, he is the support of everyone. He causes trupti to everyone. For devataas also, he causes trupti.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 20:

Himaambu dharma vrushteenaam kartaa bhartaa cha yah prabhuh |
Tasmai trikaala roopaaya namah sooryaaya vedhase ||

The cold season, the summer, rains, he is the cause of all those things. He is the Lord, the supporter and the one who causes heat, rains, cold season. He is the very form of the three times, he is the all knowing Soorya. I pay obeisance to him.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 21:

Apahanti tamo yah cha jagato asya jagatpatih |
Sattvadhaamadharo devo naamstasmai vivasvate ||

One who dispels all the darkness of the world. He is the Lord of the world. You have the effulgence, the Sattva, and is shining with brilliance. I pay obeisance to Vivasvaan, Soorya.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 22:

Satkarmayogyo na jano naivaapah shuddhikaaranam |
Yasmin anudite tasmai namo devaaya bhaasvate ||

If Sun does not rise in the morning, people cannot do their nitya naimittika karmaas itself. Trikaala Sandhyaavandanaa will not be possible. None of the karmaas can be performed. People will become ineligible to do all the karmaas. Water gets the quality of causing purity to others, and this comes from the Sun. If the Sun does not rise, all these things cannot happen. I pay obeisance to that Soorya.

We say water is pure, take well water and do shuddhi for all the objects.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 23:

Sprushto yat amshubhih lokah kriyaa yogyo abhijaayate |
Pavitra kaarana aatmaaya tasmai shuddhaatmane namah ||

Because of his rising, all his rays come and touch the whole world. Because of that only, all activity happens in this world. If there is no light, there is no activity. He is the one who causes purity in everything. That Sun, who by himself is Shuddha aatmaa, very pure, I pay obeisance to him.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Sprushta iti | Pavitra karana aatmane iti cha paathah |
Pavitra karana aatmaaya iti paathe aanandatvam aarsham |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 24:

Namah savitre sooryaaya bhaaskaraaya vivasvate |
Aadityaaya aadibhootaaya devaadeenaam namo namah ||

I pay obeisance to Savitru Deva, who is the foremost among the devaas.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Namah iti | Savitaa – prerakah | Shu prerane iti dhaatoh savitaa iti roopa nishpattih | Sooryo janakah * Sooyate raa iti niruktih | Vivasvaan – tamaso vinaashakah |

One who impels everyone. The word Savitaa is formed from the root shu. He is the one who brings wealth to everyone. Because he destroys darkness, he is called Vivasvaan.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 25:

Hiranmayam ratham yasya ketavo amrutavaajinah |
Vahanti bhootaanaaloka chakshusham tam namaami aham ||

He is very pleasant in effulgence, and is very beautiful to look at. That is why it is called Hiranmaya. That kind of a chariot he has. His horses are all of the form of prakrushta jnyaana, of knowledge. They are eternal. The chariot of the Sun, who is like the eye for the whole world. I pay obeisance to him.

Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary:

Hiranmayam iti | Hiranmayam atihita ramaneeya tejomayam | Ketavah prajnyaa roopaah | Amrutaah nityaah |

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 26:

Sri Paraasharah –

Iti evam aadibhih tena stooyamaanasya vai ravih |
Vaajiroopadharah praaha vreeyataam iti vaanchitam ||

Sri Paraasharar – When he was being prayed to and worshipped by Yaajnyavalkya, he took on the form of a horse, and said that you can ask for any boon you want.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 27:

Yaajnyavalkyah tadaa praaha pranipatya divaakaram |
Yajoomshi taani me dehi yaani santi na me gurou ||

Yaajnyavalkya does namaskaara and then says – Teach me all the Yajur mantraas, which even my aachaarya Vaishampaayana does not have.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 28:

Sri Paraasharah –

Evamukto dadou tasmai yajoomshi bhagavaan ravih |
Ayaatayaama sanjyaani yaani vetti na tadguruh ||

Sri Paraasharar – Sooryadevataa gave him all the Yajur mantraas, which even Vaishampaayana did not have. They are called Ayaatayaamaas which even his guru Vaishampaayana did not know. They got to be known as Shukla Yajurveda afterwards.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 29:

Yajoomshi yaih adheetaani taani vipraih dvijottama |
Vaajinah te samaakhyaataah sooryo ashvah so abhavat yatah ||

Whoever Brahmins learnt these Yajurveda mantraas later on, they we called as Vaajinah, Vaajasaneyee shaakhaa. Because he took the form of a horse and taught these, those who studied this shaakhaa were called Vaajis.

Sri Vishnu Puraana – Amsha 3, Chapter 5, Shloka 30:

Shaakhaabhedaah tu eshaam vai dasha pancha cha vaajinaam |
Kaanva aadyaah sumahaabhaaga yaajnyavalkyaah prakeertitaah ||

There are 15 Vaajasaneya shaakhaas. Kaanva, Maadhyandina, etc – all were known as Yaajnyavalkya shaakhaas.

This is the story of Yaajnyavalkya and how the Shukla Yajurveda was obtained by him.

This completes Chapter 5.

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Puraane Truteeye Amshe Panchamo Adhyaayah ||

|| Iti Sri Vishnu Chitteeye Vishnu Puraana Vyaakhyaane Truteeye Amshe Panchamo Adhyaayah ||

***

|| Atha Shashto Adhyaayah ||

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