For the same reason the sage dying during the southern progress of the Sun also gets to Brahma-world. — 520.

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SUTRA IV. 2. 20.

अतश्चायनेऽपि दक्षिणे॥४.२.२०॥

ataścāyane’pi dakṣiṇe ..4.2.20..

.. Atah, for this very reason. … Cha, and. … Api, also. … Ayane, in the (southern) progress of the sun. Dakshine, in the southern.

COMMENTARY

«For the same reason» namely, there being absence of partial fruition of Vidya and the exhaustion of obstructive acts by her. Vidya cannot have partial fruit. It must produce its entire result. Moreover, it has the power of removing the effect of ail obstructive works. For these two reasons also, the sage dying during the southern progress of the Sun gets verily the fruit of Vidya and the Purvapaksha is consequently not valid. Moreover, it will be mentioned further on that the words «northern progress of the sun» do not mean any time, but denote the name of the Ativahika Devas, whose function it is to conduct the soul forward. As regards the case of Bhishma, who put off his death until the beginning of the northern progress, it was because he had got the boon from his father of dying at will, and so he did not die during the southern progress of the sun. Or it may be explained on the ground that Bhishma wanted to promote pious faith and practice and so put off his death until the northern progress of the sun. Therefore, his case is not to the point.

Says an objector: But the Gita is against you. It clearly says (VIII., 23-27) that if a man wants to get Mukti, he must regulate the time of his death, so that he may die during the northern progress of the sun.

That time wherein going forth Yogis return not, and also that wherein going forth they return, that time shall I declare to thee, O Prince of the Bharatas.

Fire, light, daytime, the bright fortnight, the six months of the northern path — then, going forth, the men who know the Eternal go to the Eternal.

Smoke, nighttime the dark fortnight also, the six months of the southern path — then the Yogi, obtaining the moonlight, returned.

Light and darkness, these are thought to be the worlds everlasting paths; by the one he goeth who returned not, by the other he who returned again.

Knowing these paths, O Partha, the Yogi is nowise perplexed. Therefore, in all times be firm in Yoga, O Arjuna.

Here the topic has the subject of time as its commencement, and time being the principal topic which the Lord propounds to teach, we infer that the words day, fortnight, month, etc., are time-denoting words and are not the names of Devas and that dying during that time leads to Mukti. The above passage further shows that dying during the night or during the southern progress of the sun does not lead to Mukti. This doubt is removed by the author in the next Sutra.

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