Adhikarana XXII — Meditation on the Lord

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as «So’ham, I am He»

It has been established that the fruit is obtained by worshipping the Lord as qualified with attributes accompanied with the grace of the teacher. Now the author reconciles those texts which ate in apparent conflict with the statement above made. In the Gopala Tapani the sages asked Brahma, the lotus-born, about that being who is the object of adoration to all, from whom death is even afraid, etc. In reply to their question Brahma teaches that Shri Krishna possesses all those attributes and that the method of reaching Him is devotion to Him, which Brahma teaches to the sages. In the Uttar Gopala Tapani he further says:

Since this is so, let him meditate on Him who is beyond Rajas with the idea «I am he», «I am Gopala». He obtains Moksha, he gets the state of Brahman, he becomes a knower of Brahma.

Doubt: Here meditation with non-difference is apparently taught by the phrase «I am Ho». Therefore, arises the doubt: Is this meditation «I am He» based upon the teaching that the supreme Self and the individual Self are identical in essence, or is it only a particular kind of meditation, a particular manifestation of devotion taught above and in which state the Bhakta identifies himself with the object of his devotion?

Purvapaksha: The opponent holds the view that the first alternative is the right one, for the words of the Upanishad naturally lend themselves to that view, and that Moksha is caused by meditating on the Great truth, that the individual Self is identical with the Supreme Self.

Siddhanta: The view is set aside by the next Sutra, where it will be shown that So’ham is a form of Bhakti only, and is not to be taken literally.

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