of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, IV., 4. 17,

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of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, IV., 4. 17,

does not refer to the 25 elements of the Sankhyas

Vishaya: In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, (IV., 4-16, 17, and 18), we read:

He in whom the fire beings and the ether rest, him alone I believe to be the Self, — I who know, believe Him to be Brahman; I who am immortal, believe Him to be immortal.

They, who know the life of life, the eye of the eye, the ear of the ear, the food of the food, the mind of the mind, they hare comprehended the ancient primeval Brahman.

Doubt: Do the words five, five people (Pancha, pancha janah) mean the twenty-five categories of Kapila system or merely five? Then the word Pancha Janah would be a Bahuvrihi compound, qualified by the term Pancha, thus making a Karmadharaya compound. In this sense it would mean, «The five beings, every one of which is called a Panchajana».

Purvapaksha: The phrase ‘pancha-pancha-janah’ means ‘five times five, i.e.: twenty-five, and Janah or products’. It refers to the twenty-five Tattvas of the Sankhyas. Otherwise, ‘five, five people has no meaning. No doubt, Kapila enumerates twenty-five Tattvas, while in this Upanishad passage there are twenty-seven substances enumerated, including Akasha and Atman. This anomaly, however, is not of much importance. The word Janah does moan Tattva also, as we find in the sentence «janas tattva-samuhaka».

Siddhanta: This objection is mot by the author in the next Sutra:

SUTRA I. 4. 11.

न सङ्ख्योपसङ्ग्रहादपि नानाभावादतिरेकाच्च॥१.४.११॥

na saṅkhyopasaṅgrahādapi nānābhāvādatirekācca ..1.4.11..

.. Na, not. Sankhya, number. …; Upasangrahat, on account of mention, or enumeration… Api, even. .. Nana, many. … Bhavat, beings. … Atirekat, on account of excess. .. Cha, and.

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