Описание людей. Употребление глагола to be

Краткие теоретические сведения

Значение глагола to be - "быть, находиться".

В отличие от других английских глаголов глагол to be спрягается (т.е. изменяется по лицам и числам). В русском языке глагол "быть" в утвердительных предложениях можно опустить. Например: "Он дома", "Ему 25 лет". В английском же языке нельзя употреблять предложения без глагола. Необходимо обязательное присутствие глагола, хотя он может явно не переводиться на русский язык. Например, чтобы сказать: "Я пилот" - в английском языке необходимо добавить глагол-связку be, и в итоге предложение получит смысл "Я есть пилот" — "I am a pilot". Чтобы задать вопрос, необходимо поменять местами подлежащее I и глагол am (to be) – Am I a pilot? Для отрицания в русском языке используется частица "не", а в английском частица - "not", которая ставится после глагола to be – I am not a pilot. Как глагол-связка to be употребляется для обозначений возраста людей, размеров предметов, цены товаров, времени, погоды, характеристики людей. Как вспомогательный глагол to be используется для образования длительных времен и страдательного залога (am/is/are/was/were).

Задание 1.

Прочтите текст.

Вариант 1

First of all I want to tell you that my best friend's name is Irina and she is 15. She is the best person I have ever met. A few words about her appearance. Her height is nearly 149 cm. But she'd like to be a bit taller. Well, she is not slim but she is not fat either. Irina has a round face as everyone has, a bit long nose and big cheerful grey eyes. Her skin is a bit pale but she likes this fact, she doesn't like ruddy faces. She has no freckles as my friend Nina has. Her forehead is open. I think Irina has a charming smile. Her hair isn't very short but it's not long either. It is straight and black. Irina has rich hair. I think that she looks like her father. Irina is very active and creative, cheerful and curious. But the best thing is that she is reliable. We spend much time together. We go for a walk, we play tennis, watch TV, do things which we like. I love my friend.

Вариант 2

My father is tall. He has large hands and his feet are size 45. He has short, dark, curly hair and a small beard. His arms, legs and chest are hairy. He's a cheerful person and when he laughs, you can see even white teeth. He wears spectacles (glasses) and you can't see his eyes, but I know they are steel gray. He's 43. He usually wears jeans and checked shirts or sweaters. But for work he wears a suit and a tie and looks every inch a teacher. My mother is a very different person. She's short and plumpish. She has small hands and feet. She has long, strong, fair hair. She has dimples and rosy cheeks. She has long eyelashes which she darkens with mascara. She likes pink nail-varnish, high-heeled shoes and fashionable clothes. Her favourite colours are red and light blue. My 20-year old sister likes to be well-dressed. She used lots of make-up, is always going to the hairdresser's and has fantastic hairstyles. She's tall and slim, with slender arms and elegant legs. Her full lips are always red. She's open-minded and nice. She is married and has a baby.

Задание 2.Составьте и запишите описание предложенного вам персонажа, используя лексику по теме (7 – 10 предложений).

1 Describe your mother 2 Describe your father 3 Describe your sister 4 Describe your brother 5 Describe the portrait of any star 6 You met a wonderful man on the street. Tell about him 7 You have never met your uncle before. Your father tells you about him 8 Tell about your brother’s character 9 Describe your uncle 10 Describe your aunt 11 Describe your cousin 12 Describe the portrait of any star 13 Tell about your sister’s character 14 Describe your brother 15 Describe your sister

Задание 3.

Употребите одну из форм глагола to be (am, is, are, will be, was, were). Перепишите предложения и переведите на русский язык.

Вариант 1

1. I ... a pupil. 2 My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3 ... your aunt a doctor? - Yes, she ... .

4 ... they at home? - - No, they ... not at borne, they ... at work. 5 My brother ... a worker. He ... at work.

Вариант 2

 1 My father … a teacher. 2 He … a pupil twenty years ago. 3 I… a doctor when I grow up. 4 My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 5 She … at school tomorrow.

Вариант 3

 1 … your father at work yesterday? 2 My sisters … ill last week. 3 They … not ill now. 4 Where … your mother now? – She … in the kitchen. 5 Where … you yesterday? – I … at the cinema. Вариант 4 1 …. he from Africa? 2 ….they from Britain? 3 …he 7? 4 … you 8? 5 … Nancy 3?

Содержание отчета

 Письменно переведите текст.

Запишите описание предложенного вам персонажа, используя лексику по теме.

Употребите одну из форм глагола to be. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык.

Контрольные вопросы: 1 Какое значение имеет глагол to be? 2 Как изменяется глагол to be в настоящем простом времени? 3 Как изменяется глагол to be в прошедшем простом времени? 4 Как изменяется глагол to be в будущем простом времени? 5 Как образуются вопросительные предложения с глаголом to be? 6 Как образуются отрицательные предложения с глаголом to be?