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Comparative notes by various authors:

Yājñavalkya (3.304). — ‘By reciting the Sahasraśīrṣā hymn, the violator of the Guru’s bed becomes freed from sin; and afterwards a milch cow should be given away.’

Vaśiṣṭha (26.7). — ‘The violator of the Guru’s bed is freed from sin if he repeatedly recites the hymn beginning with “Haviṣpāntam ajaram,” that beginning with “Na tam aṃhaḥ,” and the Puruṣa-hymn.’

Viṣṇu (55.6). — ‘The violator of the Guru’s bed becomes free from sin by fasting for three days and reciting the Puruṣa-hymn and, at the same time, offering Homa.’

VERSE 11.252

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

एनसां स्थूलसूक्ष्माणां चिकीर्षन्नपनोदनम् ।
अवेत्यर्चं जपेदब्दं यत् किं चेदमितीति वा ?? ॥२५२॥

enasāṃ sthūlasūkṣmāṇāṃ cikīrṣannapanodanam |
avetyarcaṃ japedabdaṃ yat kiṃ cedamitīti vā ?? ||252||

One who desires to expiate sins great and small, shall repeat, for one year, the verse beginning with ‘ava’, or that beginning with ‘yatkiñcedam.’ — (252)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

After the treatment of the ‘Heinous Offences,’ other ‘sins, great and small,’ — i.e., the ‘minor offences,’ — are next dealt with.

He who ‘desires to expiate’ these should ‘repeat for one year the verse beginning with “ava.”’ — The term ‘ava’ indicates the opening word of the verse ‘Ava te hedo varuṇa namobhiḥ, etc.’ (Ṛgveda, 1.24.14), — this verse containing words indicating absolution from sins; it does not stand for the other verse beginning with ‘ava’ — ‘avatadenīmāheturāṇam.’ Or, he shall recite the verse ‘Yatkiñcedam varuṇa daivyejanaḥ, etc.’ (Ṛgveda, 7.89.5). — (252)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

The two verses mentioned are Ṛgveda 1.24.14 and 7.89.5.

This verse is quoted in Madanapārijāta (p. 993), which adds that as the number of repetitions is not mentioned, the texts have to be recited at all times, except when the man’s time may be taken up by other necessary acts; — it remarks that what is stated here refers to cases of repeated offence.

It is quoted in Mitākṣarā (3.306), which makes the same remarks as Madanapārijāta.

VERSE 11.253

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

प्रतिगृह्याप्रतिग्राह्यं भुक्त्वा चान्नं विगर्हितम् ।
जपंस्तरत्समन्दीयं पूयते मानवस्त्र्यहात् ॥२५३॥

pratigṛhyāpratigrāhyaṃ bhuktvā cānnaṃ vigarhitam |
japaṃstaratsamandīyaṃ pūyate mānavastryahāt ||253||

If a man has accepted a gift that should not be accepted, or has eaten reprehensible food, he becomes pure in three days, by repeating the Taratsamandīya’ verses. — (253)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

‘What should not be accepted’ — such as wine and similar things, or gold and such things from a sinner, — this latter also being ‘what should not be accepted.’

‘Reprehensible food’ — food that has been polluted by any one of the four causes — its very nature, lapse of time, ownership and contact.

‘Taratsamandīya verses’ — are four of the ‘Pāvamanī’ verses (Ṛgveda, 9.58.1-4). — (258)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Prāyaścitta p. 174); — in Mitākṣarā (3.307), which explains ‘apratigrāhyam’ as ‘poison, weapons, liquors, and things belonging to outcasts’; — in Madanapārijāta (p. 994); — and in Prāyaścittaviveka (p. 415).

Comparative notes by various authors:

Gautama (24.2-3). — ‘He who desires to accept, or has accepted a gift which ought not to he accepted, shall recite the four Ṛk verses beginning with “Tarat sa mandī,” standing in water. He who desires to eat forbidden food, shall scatter earth on it.’

Baudhāyana (4.2.4-5). — ‘He who is about to accept gifts, or he who has accepted gifts, must repeatedly recite the four Ṛk-verses called Taratsamandīs. But in case one has eaten any kind of forbidden food, or food given by a person whose food should not be eaten, the means of removing the guilt is to sprinkle water over one’s head while reciting the Taratsamandī verses.’

VERSE 11.254

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

सोमारौद्रं तु बह्वेनाः मासमभ्यस्य शुध्यति ।
स्रवन्त्यामाचरन् स्नानमर्यम्णामिति च तृचम् ॥२५४॥

somāraudraṃ tu bahvenāḥ māsamabhyasya śudhyati |
sravantyāmācaran snānamaryamṇāmiti ca tṛcam ||254||

One who has committed many sins becomes purified by reciting, for a year, the ‘Somāraudra hymn’ and the three verses beginning with ‘aryamaṇam,’ — while taking his bath in a stream. — (254)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

The three verses beginning with ‘Somārudrā dhārayethamastram’ (Ṛgveda, 6.74.1); and the verse beginning with ‘Aryamaṇam varuṇam mitram’ (Ṛgveda, 4.2.4).

‘Samām’ — for one year.

This verse (laying down a single expiation for one who has committed many sins) lends support to the view that a single expiation may serve to atone for several offences.

‘In a stream.’ — This precludes tanks and pools. — (254)

VERSE 11.255

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

अब्दार्धमिन्द्रमित्येतदेनस्वी सप्तकं जपेत् ।
अप्रशस्तं तु कृत्वाऽप्सु मासमासीत भैक्षभुक् ॥२५५॥

abdārdhamindramityetadenasvī saptakaṃ japet |
apraśastaṃ tu kṛtvā'psu māsamāsīta bhaikṣabhuk ||255||

An offender shall recite, for half the year, the seven verses beginning with ‘Indram’; but he who has committed a reprehensible act in water shall subsist, for one month, on alms. — (255)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

The verses referred to are the seven beginning with ‘Indram mitram varuṇamagnim’ (Ṛgveda, 1.106.1-7).

‘For half the year’ — for six months.

‘The offender shall recite.’ — Since there is no qualifying epithet, what is mentioned here should be taken as pertaining to all offences.

‘Reprehensible act.’ — Sexual intercourse, or evacuation of the bowels. If one does this in water, he should subsist, for one month, on alms. — (255)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

The second half of this verse is quoted in Mitākṣarā (3.307) as referring to cases of passing urine, semen and such things in water.

VERSE 11.256

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

मन्त्रैः शाकलहोमीयैरब्दं हुत्वा घृतं द्विजः ।
सुगुर्वप्यपहन्त्येनो जप्त्वा वा नम इत्यृचम् ॥२५६॥

mantraiḥ śākalahomīyairabdaṃ hutvā ghṛtaṃ dvijaḥ |
sugurvapyapahantyeno japtvā vā nama ityṛcam ||256||

A twice-born person destroys even the most grievous sin by making Homa-offerings of clarified butter for one year, with the sacred texts related to the ‘Śākala-homa,’ or by repeating the verse beginning with ‘namaḥ.’ — (256)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

‘Sacred texts related to the Śākala-homa’ are the eight verses beginning with — ‘Devakṛtasyainasovayajanamaṣi’ (Vājasaneya Saṃhitā, 8.13); — if one makes Homa-offerings of clarified butter with these texts, for one year, he destroys even the ‘most grievous sin,’ — i.e., even all the ‘heinous offences.’

‘By repeating’ the mantra ‘namo rudrāya tavase kapardine, etc.’ (Vājasaneya Saṃhitā, 16) — for one year, — he obtains the same success; — even without performing the Śākala-homa.

Thus this ‘repeating of the mantra’ is an expiation alternative to the aforesaid ‘Śākala-homa’; as also to the reciting of some other text beginning with ‘namaḥ’, — what this other text is being ascertained from cultured men. — (256)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

This verse is quoted in Mitākṣarā (3.305) as referring to cases of intentional offence; — and in Parāśaramādhava, (Prāyaścitta p. 457).

VERSE 11.257

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

महापातकसंयुक्तोऽनुगच्छेद् गाः समाहितः ।
अभ्यस्याब्दं पावमानीर्भैक्षाहारो विशुध्यति ॥२५७॥

mahāpātakasaṃyukto'nugacched gāḥ samāhitaḥ |
abhyasyābdaṃ pāvamānīrbhaikṣāhāro viśudhyati ||257||

He who is polluted by a ‘heinous offence,’ should, with concentrated mind, attend upon cows; and by repeating the Pāvamānī verses and subsisting on alms for one year, he becomes pure. — (257)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

‘Polluted by a heinous offence.’ — It is understood that this also refers to the number of such offences enumerated above; and it is quite reasonable for several expiations for each of the lighter offences.

‘Pāvamānī verses.’ — This stands for the entire ‘maṇḍala,’ beginning with the verse ‘svādiṣṭhayā madiṣṭhayā, etc.,’ (Ṛgveda, 9.1.1) and ending with ‘yatte rājañchṛtam haviḥ, etc.’ (9.114.4).

The ‘Anugamana of the cows’ does not mean merely following them, but attending on them; and the exact form of this is to be ascertained from the description of the expiation for ‘cow-killing.’ — (257)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Prāyaścitta p. 457); — in Madanapārijāta (p. 982), as referring to cases of intentional repeated acts; — and in Prāyaścittaviveka (p. 501).

VERSE 11.258

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

अरण्ये वा त्रिरभ्यस्य प्रयतो वेदसंहिताम् ।
मुच्यते पातकैः सर्वैः पराकैः शोधितस्त्रिभिः ॥२५८॥

araṇye vā trirabhyasya prayato vedasaṃhitām |
mucyate pātakaiḥ sarvaiḥ parākaiḥ śodhitastribhiḥ ||258||

Or, if, purified by the performance of three ‘Parāka’ penances, and self-controlled, he repeats thrice the entire text of the Veda, in a forest, he becomes absolved from all sins. — (258)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

This is another expiation for the man ‘polluted by a heinous offence.’

‘Entire text of the Veda’ — comprising of the ‘mantra’ as well as the ‘Brāhmaṇa’ portion.

Having fasted for thirty-six days, if he recites the Vedic text in a forest, he becomes absolved from sins. — (258)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

This verse is quoted in Mitākṣarā (3.302), which notes that it applies to cases of the unintentional slaying of the learned Brāhmaṇa, or to those of the intentional repetition of the slaying of others; — in Madanapārijāta (p. 972), as referring to the intentional once slaying of the learned Brāhmaṇa, or to the unintentional repeated slaying of the unlearned Brāhmaṇa; — in Parāśaramādhava (Prāyaścitta, p. 456); — and in Nṛsiṃhaprasāda (Prāyaścitta 32a).

VERSE 11.259

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

त्र्यहं तूपवसेद् युक्तस्त्रिरह्नोऽभ्युपयन्नपः ।
मुच्यते पातकैः सर्वैस्त्रिर्जपित्वाऽघमर्षणम् ॥२५९॥

tryahaṃ tūpavased yuktastrirahno'bhyupayannapaḥ |
mucyate pātakaiḥ sarvaistrirjapitvā'ghamarṣaṇam ||259||

If a man fasts for, three days, and entering the water thrice a dat repeats the ‘Aghamarṣaṇa Hymn’ three times, he becomes absolved from all sins. — (259)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

Construe thus — ‘apobhyupayan aghamarṣanam japitvā’; whence it follows that the reciting of the hymn is to be done in water. This has the support of another Smṛti text.

‘Aghamarṣaṇa’ is the name of a set of three verses already described above (Ṛgveda, 10.190.1, etc.). — (259)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

(verses 11.259-260)

These verses are quoted in Madanapārijāta (p. 746).

Comparative notes by various authors:

Gautama (24.12). — ‘Thrice repeating the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn, while immersed in water one is freed from all sins.’

Baudhāyana (3.5.1-6). — ‘Now we shall describe the rule of the most holy Aghamarṣaṇa: — One goes to a bathing place and bathes there; dressed in a pure dress, he shall raise, close to the water, an altar, and moistening his clothes by one application of water, and filling his hand once with water, he shall recite the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn privately. He shall repeat it one hundred times in the morning, one hundred times at midday, and one hundred times, or an unlimited number of times in the afternoon. When the stars have appeared, he shall partake of gruel prepared of one handful of barley. After seven days and nights of this course, he is freed from all minor sins, committed intentionally or unintentionally; after twelve days and nights, from all other sins, except the Mahāpātakas; after twenty-one days he overcomes even these latter and conquers them.’

Vaśiṣṭha (26.8). — ‘Plunging into water, he may thrice recite the Aghamarṣaṇa. Manu has declared that the effect of this is the same as that of joining in the final bath of the Āśvamedha.’

Yājñavalkya (3.302). — ‘The slayer of a Brāhmaṇa, having fasted for three days and having recited, in water, the Agha marṣaṇa hymn, and giving a milch cow, becomes purified.’

VERSE 11.260

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

यथाऽश्वमेधः क्रतुराड् सर्वपापापनोदनः ।
तथाऽघमर्षणं सूक्तं सर्वपापापनोदनम् ॥२६०॥

yathā'śvamedhaḥ kraturāḍ sarvapāpāpanodanaḥ |
tathā'ghamarṣaṇaṃ sūktaṃ sarvapāpāpanodanam ||260||

Just as the Aśvamedha, the king of sacrifices, is destructive of all sins, even so is the ‘Aghamarṣaṇa Hymn’ also destructive of all sins. — (260)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

The verse is purely commendatory. — (260)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

(verses 11.259-260)

These verses are quoted in Madanapārijāta (p. 746).

Comparative notes by various authors:

Viṣṇu (55.7). — ‘Even as the Āśvamedha, the King of sacrifices, removes all sin, so does the Aghamarṣaṇa also remove all sin.’

Baudhāyana (4.2.15). — (Same as Vaśiṣṭha 26.8, for which see under 259.)

VERSE 11.261

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

हत्वा लोकानपीमांस्त्रीनश्नन्नपि यतस्ततः ।
ऋग्वेदं धारयन् विप्रो नैनः प्राप्नोति किं चन ॥२६१॥

hatvā lokānapīmāṃstrīnaśnannapi yatastataḥ |
ṛgvedaṃ dhārayan vipro nainaḥ prāpnoti kiṃ cana ||261||

Even if he kills the three worlds, or if he eats here and there, he does not incur any sin, if he retains the Ṛgveda (in memory). — (261)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

This also is purely commendatory, meant to indicate that the retaining of the Ṛgveda is a ‘Secret Expiation.’

Others, however, hold that the whole set of verses from 258 to the present, are descriptive of the ‘Secret Expiation.’ — (261)

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha:

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Prāyaścitta, p. 174).

Comparative notes by various authors:

Vaśiṣṭha (27.3). — ‘A Brāhmaṇa who remembers the Ṛgveda is not tainted by any guilt.’

VERSE 11.262

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

ऋक्संहितां त्रिरभ्यस्य यजुषां वा समाहितः ।
साम्नां वा सरहस्यानां सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥२६२॥

ṛksaṃhitāṃ trirabhyasya yajuṣāṃ vā samāhitaḥ |
sāmnāṃ vā sarahasyānāṃ sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ||262||

One becomes absolved from all sins by reciting, with concentrated mind, three times, the text of the Ṛk or of the Yajuṣ, or of the Sāman, along with the esoteric texts. — (262)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

Inasmuch as the ‘Ṛk,’ etc., are so specified, the Brāhmaṇa texts become excluded.

‘Esoteric texts’ — the Sāman-texts occurring in the Āraṇyakas. — (262)

Comparative notes by various authors:

Baudhāyana (3.9.5-21). — ‘He must begin with the beginning of the Veda and continuously recite it. He shall recite the Saṃhitā of his Veda twelve times. If he recites the Saṃhitā a thousand times he becomes one with Brahman.’

Baudhāyana (4.5.29). — ‘If one recites the whole Ṛgveda, Yayurveda and Sāmaveda, or thrice recites one of these three Vedas, and fasts, — that is the most efficient means of purification.’

VERSE 11.263

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

यथा महाह्रदं प्राप्य क्षिप्तं लोष्टं विनश्यति ।
तथा दुश्चरितं सर्वं वेदे त्रिवृति मज्जति ॥२६३॥

yathā mahāhradaṃ prāpya kṣiptaṃ loṣṭaṃ vinaśyati |
tathā duścaritaṃ sarvaṃ vede trivṛti majjati ||263||

As a clod of earth, being thrown, becomes dissolved as soon as it gets into the water, — even so does all sin become engulfed in the threefold Veda. — (263)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

‘Threefold’ — that which has three component factors; each Veda is regarded as the ‘component factor’ of another as all of them serve the same purpose. — (263)

VERSE 11.264

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

ऋचो यजूंषि चान्यानि सामानि विविधानि च ।
एष ज्ञेयस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यो वेदैनं स वेदवित् ॥२६४॥

ṛco yajūṃṣi cānyāni sāmāni vividhāni ca |
eṣa jñeyastrivṛdvedo yo vedainaṃ sa vedavit ||264||

The Ṛk-verses, the primeval Yajuṣ-texts, and the manifold Sāman-songs, — these constitute the ‘Threefold Veda’; he who knows this is ‘learned in the Vedas.’ — (264)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

The said three ‘component factors’ are now described.

‘Primeval’ — the most important.

If we read ‘anyāni’ for ‘ādyāni,’ the meaning is ‘those also that are found among the Brāhmaṇa texts,’ or ‘those arranged in the order of the Pada-text.’

‘Manifold Sāmatt-songs’ — as classified under the two classes ‘grāmya’ and ‘āraṇya.’ — (264)

VERSE 11.265

Section XXXII - Expiation of Secret Sins

आद्यं यत् त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म त्रयी यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठिता ।
स गुह्योऽन्यस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥२६५॥

ādyaṃ yat tryakṣaraṃ brahma trayī yasmin pratiṣṭhitā |
sa guhyo'nyastrivṛdvedo yastaṃ veda sa vedavit ||265||

That primeval tri-syllablic brahman, in which bests the Vedic Triad, is the other and esoteric ‘Threefold Veda’; he who knows this is ‘learned in the Vedas.’ — (265)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

‘Trisyllablic’ — i.e., a composite of the three syllables contained in the word ‘Om.’

The ‘primeval Brahman,’ which is ‘esoteric’ — as being set forth in detail in the esoteric sections of the Veda, where it is put forward as an object of worship. Or it may be regarded as ‘esoteric’ on account of its being denotative of the supreme soul, and not in the sense of being unknown; since it is well-known among people as the syllable ‘Om.’

That wherein the Vedic Triad lies condensed, — since all letters are described as contained in ‘Om.’ The worship or meditation of this has been already described above, as also in such passages as — ‘One should meditate upon the syllable Om’ (Chāndogya Upa, 1.1.1).

The preceding verse has spoken of the Mantras as the ‘Veda,’ while in the present verse it is the Vedānta that is so spoken of. As for knowledge of duties, this is provided by what has been enjoined under ‘Vedic Study.’ — (265)

End of Discourse XI.

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