Английские фразовые глаголы с DOWN, их значения и примеры
Предлог DOWN в английском языке противоположен по значению предлогу UP.
Основное значение предлога DOWN - это движение вниз или вдоль. С этим значением связаны большинство фразовых глаголов с DOWN. Предлог DOWN может быть использован также как альтернатива "TO" в "go to", "went to". Пример: I went down the pub with my mates.
Bend down - Согнуться. She bent down to pick up the suitcase. Blow down - Сдуть. The tornado blew down many buildings. Chop down - Срубить. Don't chop down this tree! Come down - Сойти вниз/приехать. When you're next in London, come down and see us. Fall down - Упасть. I slipped on the ice and fell down. Go down - Снижаться, падать/садиться (о солнце). Is this lift going down? Get down - Пригнуться. Incoming fire! Get down! Kneel down - Встать на колени. She knelt in front of the fire to warm herself. Knock down - Снести. Sue was knocked down just yards from her home. Lie down – Лечь. Why don't you lie down on the sofa for a while? Move down - Сдвинуть вниз или вдоль. Move down all these chairs. We need more space. Peg down - Прикрепить. After he had finished pegging the tent down, he built a fire. Pop down (to) - Зайти, забежать. I'll try to pop down tomorrow evening after dinner. Put down - Отпустить/опустить на поверхность. This box is really heavy - can we put it down on the floor for a minute? Sit down - Сесть, занять место. Please sit down and make yourself comfortable. Stand down - Уходить с должности/вызвать свидетеля. The judge allowed the witness to stand down. Step down -Сойти вниз/уходить в отставку. Please step down from the platform. Run down - Сбить пешехода. She got run down outside school. Tear down – Снести. They plan to tear the old building down and build a new one there.
УМЕНЬШИТЬ (до меньшего уровня, количества, состояния) Bargain down/Beat down - Выторговать лучшую цену. If the price is too expensive, try to bargain it down. Boil down - Упростить. The manager just wanted to know what the report boiled down to meaning for the company. Bring down - Удешевить/снизить. Our principal responsibility is to bring down the level of unemployment. Calm down - Успокоиться. Please try to calm yourself down! Cool down - Успокоиться. Just try to cool down and think rationally. Cut down - Уменьшить потребление/срезать, срубить. The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. Die down - Утихать, успокаиваться. The wind died down during the night. Draw down - Снизить уровень. Some firms have dealt with the problem by drawing down their cash reserves. Dumb down - Упростить. The researchers dumbed down the report before releasing it to the public. Go down - Уменьшить/утонуть/случаться, иметь место. No one expects house prices to go down in the near future. Grind down - Мучить, изводить. Ground down by years of abuse, she did not have the confidence to leave him. Mark down - Уменьшить цену/поставить низкую оценку. They’ve marked down the shoes to £20 for this week only. Narrow down - Сузить выбор. We can narrow the choice down to black or white. Play down - Преуменьшать, умалять значение чего-либо. The Military spokesman tried to play down the seriousness of the disaster. Scale down - Сокращать, урезать. Reduced funding forced us to scale the project down. Slow down - Снизить скорость/стать менее активным. The doctor has told him to slow down or he'll have a heart attack. Run down - Разряжаться/терять силу. The decision was taken to let the steel industry run down. Simmer down - Успокоиться. When tempers simmer down, we should be able to get an agreement. Turn down - Убавлять (звук, температуру и т. д.). Can you turn the music down a bit? Water down - Смягчать, ослаблять/разбавлять водой. The new laws watered down the power of the president. Wear down - Изматывать кого-либо. They were worn down by the stress of feeding five children.
ПРИВОДИТЬ В УНЫНИЕ/РАССТРАИВАТЬ/БОЛЕТЬ (быть несчастным, не иметь энергии, энтузиазма и т. д.) Be down - Унывать/снижать. He's been down since his partner left him. Be down on - Плохо относиться к кому-то. It's not fair of the boss to be so down on a new employee. Be down with - Болеть. Kate is down with some bug and is off work today. Break down - Расплакаться/перестать работать/закончить переговоры без успеха. When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried. Come down with - Заболеть. I think I'm coming down with flu. Get down - Огорчать. Doing the same thing every day can get you down. Go down with - Заболеть. She went down with a high fever. Let down - Расстроить, огорчить/разочаровывать,подводить/увеличить одежду. I was a bit late but I couldn’t let them down completely. Look down on - Смотреть свысока на кого-либо. A lot of people look down on homeless people. Pull down -Огорчить, разрушить. This fight with his parents is really pulling him down.
ЗАВЕРШИТЬ/ОГРАНИЧИТЬ/ОТКЛОНЯТЬ Back down - Идти на попятный. We will not back down on the decision to strike. Burn down - Сгореть. The entire house burnt down in 20 minutes. Clamp down on - Подавить/пресекать. The government is clamping down on teenage drinking. Close down - Закрыть магазин, бизнес. The health department closed the restaurant down. Go down - Перестать работать (особенно о компьютерах). The battery should prevent the computer system from going down in the event of a power cut. Hold down - Держать/не давать вырваться. Four people held him down. Nail down - Прижать кого-либо к стенке/приколоть к стене. I'll nail down these floorboards. Pin down - Придавливать, прижимать/добиваться ответа от кого-либо. She pinned down the cause of the accident. Pipe down - Утихомириться. Will you please pipe down, you two? I'm trying to read! Power down - Отключить прибор от электросети. The crew powered down the right-hand engine of the aircraft. Rub down – Шлифовать, стирать шероховатости. Rub the wood down with fine sandpaper till it is smooth. Settle down - Осесть/успокоиться. Are you ever going to settle down and get married? Shut down - Выключить компьютер/закрыть магазин или бизнес. The company plans to shut down four factories and cut 10,000 jobs. Smash down - Разбить/снести. The police had to smash down the door. Sponge down - Вытирать губкой. Give it a sponge with a damp cloth - that will remove the blood stains. Tie down - Связывать/привязывать. Tie down anything that might blow away in the storm. Track down - Отслеживать/выслеживать. I finally managed to track him down in Manchester. Turn down - Отвергнуть приглашение, предложение. How could you turn down such a fantastic job? Wave down - Подать машине сигнал рукой остановиться. If a car comes along, wave it down. Wind down - Постепенно закрывать бизнес/отдыхать, расслабляться. The factory will wind down production before closing next year.
КРИТИКОВАТЬ/ПОКАЗЫВАТЬ НЕУВАЖЕНИЕ Come down on/upon - Критиковать. They're coming down heavily on people for not paying their licence fees. Put down - Унижать. He’s always trying to put me down. Run down - Пренебрежительно отзываться. You’re always running me down! Stare down - Смутить взглядом. He was angry but I stared him down and he left without saying much. Talk down - Принижать значение. He began his lecture by talking down the initiatives of a rival company. Talk down to - Говорить с кем-либо свысока. I wish politicians wouldn't talk down to us as if we were idiots.
ЕСТЬ или ПИТЬ (иметь что-то в желудке) Get down - Проглотить. He is having soup for dinner because can’t get solid food down yet. Keep down - Принимать пищу, не вырвать. He's getting weak because he can't keep anything down. Slip down - Есть или пить с наслаждением. The cold beer slipped down a treat after the walk. Toss down - Пить быстро. I tossed a couple of drinks down before they arrived. Wash down - Запить. Supper was fresh salmon and vegetables, washed down with a bottle of white wine.
ЗАПИСАТЬ/НАПИСАТЬ БЫСТРО Jot down - Сделать записки. I carry a notebook so that I can jot down any ideas. Note down - Делать короткие заметки. I noted down his phone number. Put down for - Коротко записать. I've put you down for three tickets each. Stick down - Записать что-то быстро, склеить. Just stick your details down on a piece of paper and I’ll get back to you. Take down - Записать/удалить. The police officers were taking down the names of witnesses. Write down - Записать. I'll write it down now so I won't forget.
И в конце несколько полезных фразовых глаголов, которыми можно описать ДОЖДЬ: Bucket down - Лить как из ведра. It's absolutely bucketing down. Lash down – Хлестать дождем. It’s been lashing down for an hour. Pour down - Лить как из ведра. The rain poured down in torrents. Rain down on - Хлынуть. The hail rained down on us—some of it quite large.
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