Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparisons of Adjectives and Adverbs)

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Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparisons of Adjectives and Adverbs)

Adjectivesdescribe nouns i.e. they tell us

what the noun is like. This is a beautiful

painting. (What is the painting like? Beautiful.)

• Adjectives have the same form in both the

singular and the plural. It's a nice dress. They

are nice dresses.

• Adjectives can be used before a noun or

after a linking verb (appear, be, become,

feel, seem, etc.). He's got a new car. His car

is new.

• Adjectives can also be used after verbs of

the senses (smell, taste, feel, etc.) instead

of an adverb. The food smells delicious.

(NOT: smells deliciously)

Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They can be one word (quickly) or

a phrase (in the morning).

• Adverbs can describe manner (how), place

(where), time (when), frequency (how often), degree (to what extent), etc.

Sophie speaks German fluently. (How does she

speak? Fluently. - adverb of manner)

Leave your bag on the floor. (Where? On the

floor. - adverb of place)

He's flying to Rome tomorrow. (When is he

flying? Tomorrow. - adverb of time)

She usually gets a sandwich for lunch. (How

often does she get a sandwich for lunch?

Usually. - adverb of frequency)

She's very beautiful. (How beautiful is she?

Very. - adverb of degree)

Formation of Adverbs from Adjectives (образование наречий от формы прилагательного)

• Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective quick" quickly.

• Adjectives ending in -ic add -ally to form their adverbs dramatic" dramatically.

• Adjectives ending in -le drop -le and add -ly to form their adverbs terrible" terribly.

• Adjectives ending in consonant + y drop -y and add -ily to form their adverbs happy" happily.

• Adjectives ending in -ly (friendly, lonely, lovely, fatherly, motherly, silly, lively, etc.) form their adverbs with in a ... way in a friendly way.

• Adjectives ending in -e form their adverbs adding -ly without dropping -e rare" rarely.

Exceptions: whole" wholly, true .. truly.

• The adverb of good is well. Andrea is a good pianist. She plays the piano very well.

• Some adverbs are the same as their adjectives (daily, early, fast, hard, late, monthly, best, easy, low, etc.) He works hard. This is a hard job.

• In spoken English the adverbs loud, quick, slow, cheap are the same as their adjectives. In formal English we use: loudly, quickly, slowly, cheaply. He speaks loud. (spoken English) He

speaks loudly. (formal English)

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