Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents

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Present Indefinite (Simple)

Утвердительная       Вопросительная              Отрицательная

   форма                         форма                                 форма

I         study            Do I study?                       I don’t study

he (she, it) studies    Does he study?                  he doesn’t study

we                                      we                      we

you   study          Do you study?         you           don’t study

they                                  they                     they                                

12.   Make up general questions:

1. I read much.

2. He speaks English a little.

3. The cadets live in barracks.

4. My friend serves in the Army.

5. We begin our lessons at 9.

6. They study at a military school.

7. We study many subjects.

8. The teacher asks us different questions.

9. My family lives not far from Kazan.

Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents

Модальный глагол

Эквивалент

Перевод

Present

Past

Future

can

could

-

to be able to

мочь (уметь,

быть в состоянии)

may

-

to be allowed to

to be permitted to

мочь (разрешать,

позволять)

must

-

-

to be to

to have to

должен, обязан

нужно, обязан, надо

(по расписанию);

должен, вынужден

(обстоятельствами),

приходится

should

следует, полагается

ought to

должен, обязан

I. Translate into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs:

1. The cadet can speak English well.

2. They could cross that wide river yesterday.

3. You may take this manual.

4. I must know a foreign language.

5. My mother couldn’t visit me last Sunday.

6. “Can you help me to plot the situation on my map?” – “Yes, I can”.

7. “Must he take part in our conference?” – “No, he must not” (нельзя).

8. “May I take a seat near the window?” – “Student Petrov may”.

9. “Who must be at the conference?” – “Student Petrov must”.

10. When could our teacher go on leave?

III.  Note:

He must be working now.

Он, должно быть, сейчас работает.

He must have worked much.

Он, должно быть, много работал.

The letter mustbe posted today.

Письмо нужно отправить сегодня.

He could have helped you, but he didn’t.

Он мог бы помочь вам, но не помог.

She may still be waiting for you.

Может быть, она все еще ждет вас.

You might do it oftener.

Ты мог бы и почаще делать это. (Упрек)

 

IV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the equivalents of the modal verbs:

1. He will be able to leave the classroom in 10 minutes.

2. “Will your sister be able to go on leave at the end of July?” – “No, she will nоt”.

3. When will she be able to get her leave?

4. I will have to get down to my work after dinner.

5. After a short rest we had to do that work.

6. This student is to be at the conference tomorrow.

7. Those officers were to take part in the meeting.

8. I shall not be able to stay there long.

9. That man did not have to go up the hill.

10.We shall not have to work with maps in the field tomorrow.

11. You should get information from the inhabitants.

12. All the information ought to be reported.

13. He ought to go to a doctor because he has a bad toothache.

                                            

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