The Past Perfect and the Past. Perfect Continuous tense-forms. A. The Past Perfect Tense. Formation. B. The Past Perfect Continuous. Formation

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1.5. THE PAST PERFECT AND THE PAST

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-FORMS

A. The Past Perfect Tense

FORMATION

had + V3/V-ed

Table 8

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

worked broken

I

worked broken

I

worked? broken?

he she it

had

he she it

had not

had

he she it

we you they

we you they

we you they

Contractions

'd = had; hadn't = had not

USAGE

The Past Perfect tense используется для выражения события в прошлом, которое произошло ДО другого события в прошлом.

Маркерами служат предлог 'by'  с обстоятельствами времени, или такие конструкции как before, no sooner ... than, hardly ... when, scarcely ... when.

The letter had arrived by the end of the week.

By March the snow hadn’t melted yet.

Had they left before the trouble started?

They hadn't yet started eating by the time I arrived at the party.

Hardly had we put up a tent when it started to rain.

(or We had hardly put up a tent when it started to rain.)

No sooner had he arrived than he was told to start back again.

I could see from his face that he had received bad news.

I hadn't eaten all day so I was very hungry when I got home.

I couldn't get into the car. The boys had hidden the car keys.

Обратите внимание, что при перечислении последовательных действий в прошлом (без их противопоставления по времени) мы используем the Past Simple tense.

I got to the stadium at 7.15 and the game started at 7.30.

She thanked him for his hospitality. They shook hands and he wished her a pleasant journey.

B. The Past Perfect Continuous

FORMATION

had been + Ving

Table 9

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

you

working

I

you

been

working

I

you

been working?

he she it

had been

he she it

had not been

had

he she it

we you they

we you they

we you they

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