S + have/has + not + been + Ving

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Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

+  S + Ved/ V2

I worked. He went.

-   S + didn’t + V

I didn’t work. He didn’t go.

?  Did + S + V?

Did I work? Did he go?

+ S + was/were + Ving

I was working. He was working.

- S + was/were + not + Ving

I wasn’t working. They weren’t working.

? Was/were + S + Ving?

Was he working? Were they working?

+ S + had + Ved/V3

  I had worked.

- S + had + not + Ved/V3

  I hadn’t worked.

? Had + S + Ved/ V3?

   Had I worked?

1) Для обозначения действия, совершившегося в прошлом. Время совершения действия часто определяется наречиями времени yesterday, there days ago, last week, last month, in 1995

“I played soccer with my friends last Saturday.”

“My grandfather built this house in 1968.”

1) Для выражения длительного незаконченного действия, имевшего место в определённый момент в прошлом.

“At 7 o’clock yesterday evening they were having dinner” (we don’t know when they started or finished their dinner)

“I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the bench(скамейка) and reading a book.”

Период, когда совершалось действие может определяться выражениями from 2 to 5 o’clock, all day long, all the time

2) Если одно действие “прерывает” другое, то мы используем Past Cont и Past Simple

“I was having dinner with my family when the doorbell rang.”

“When I was going to school yesterday I met my friend”

3) Когда два длительных действия совершались одновременно, они оба могут быть выражены в Past Continuous.

“I was doing my homework while my mother was for 12 years.”cooking the dinner”

“She was talking on her mobile phone while she was driving to work”

1) Для выражения действия, которое было закончено до определённого момента в прошлом.

Этот момент может быть выражен by 4 o’clock, by that time, by the end of the year etc.

“He has returned from the cinema by 5 o’clock”

     Либо момент может быть выражен другим действием. Тогда первое действие выражается глаголом в Past Perfect, а второе глаголом в Past Simple.

“When we arrived at the cinema the film had already begun”

Если же вдруг действие, которое завершилось первым имеет длительность, т.е. мы делаем некоторый акцент на продолжительности данного действия, то используется Past Perfect Continuous

S + had been + Ving

“I felt really tired because I had been driving all day.”

“She had been waiting for two hours when the doctor finally arrived.”

“The ground was wet because it had been raining.”

“When he quit his job at the factory, he had been working there

Past Simple

Present perfect

Present perfect continuous.

+     S + have               + V3/ Ved

     has (he, she, it)

I have finished. She has finished

-     S + have/ has + not + Ved/V3

I haven’t finished. She hasn’t finished.

?  Have/ has + S + V3/ Ved?

   Have you finished?

+ S + have/has been + Ving

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