Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

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Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и смыслового глагола в третьей форме:

had + V₃

+ They had bought a present. / They’d bought a present.

I had = I’d     we had = we’d     you had = you’d      he had = he’d etc.

–   They had not bought a present. / They hadn’t bought a present.

?  Had they bought a present?

Ø Past Perfect употребляется с союзами after и when, чтобы показать, что это действие произошло до того, как началось другое действие.

When it had stopped raining, we went to the park. – Когда закончился дождь, мы пошли в парк.

Tom played a computer game after he had done his homework. – Том играл на компьютере после того, как сделал домашнюю работу.

(Если одно действие сразу же начинается после другого, то употребление Past Perfect необязательно.

When it started to rain, the children ran into the house. – Когда начался дождь, дети побежали в дом.)

Ø Past Perfect употребляется, когда в описании прошлых событий нужно упомянуть действие, которое произошло до этих событий.

He was reading the book that he had bought the week before. – Он читал книгу, которую купил неделю назад.

I looked at the man again. I was sure I’d seen him before. – Я снова посмотрел на мужчину. Я был уверен, что я видел его раньше.

Ø Past Perfect употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, кото­рое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.

She had cooked supper by 8 o’clock. – Она приготовила ужин к 8 часам.

By the end of the year he had learnt to speak French. – К концу года он научился говорить по-французски.

Сравните:

When John came home, Polly cooked dinner. – Когда Джон пришел домой, Поли приготовила ужин. (Она начала готовить после того, как Джон пришел домой.)

When John came home, Polly had cooked dinner. – Когда Джон пришел домой, Поли уже приготовила ужин. (Она приготовила ужин до его прихода)

Exercise 1. Put in the verbs in Past Simple or Past Perfect:

a) 1.When he ……………………… the book, he ……………………….. it back to the library. (read; take) 2.After he ……………………… all the windows, Tom ……………………… to bed.(close; go) 3.Mary ……………………… home sad when she ……………………… a bad mark for the project.(come; get) 4.We ……………………… at the stadium when the game ……………………………… . (arrive; already start) 5.I ……………………… nervous anymore after I ……………………… everything for the party.(not/be; prepare) 6.When she ……………………… three burgers, she ……………………… me to make her a sandwich! (eat; ask)

b) 1.She ……………………… only after I ……………………… her five emails. (answer; send) 2.I ……………………… her when she ……………………… my emails.(call; not/answer) 3.After I ……………………… in my diary, I ……………………… a little in bed. (write; read) 4.He ……………………… back excited after he ……………………… his friends.(come; visit) 5.When my uncle’s family ……………………… to our town, I ……………………… a lot of time with my cousin.(move; spend) 6.I ……………………… very sleepy after I ……………………… my project.(feel; finish)

Exercise 2. Write sentences with “after” or “when”:

He talked to the doctor. He felt much better. – When / After he had talked to the doctor, he felt much better. or He felt much better when / after he had talked to the doctor.

a) 1.I caught a cold. I stayed in bed for three days. 2.He got a new job. He had to spend more time at work. 3.They had lunch at a cafe. They decided to go to the cinema. 4.He had a party. Then he tidied the living room. 5.She worked very hard for weeks. She looked forward to taking a holiday. 6.They saw all the sights of the city. Then they went home.

b) 1.The weather became worse. We felt bored. 2.The boys broke their neighbour’s window. Their father punished them. 3.She helped her mum. Then she sat down to do her homework. 4.They bought a new car. They didn’t have money for a holiday. 5.My friend and I quarrelled. We didn’t talk to each other for a week. 6.Tom won in the competition. Then he had a big party.

1.After I had done my homework, ... . 2.When his car had broken up, ... 3.They went for a walk after... . 4.Mary watched TV when ... 5.The teacher got angry after ... 6.Wnen we had had lunch in the restaurant, ...

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