Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov

To conceal – скрывать, утаивать

A nobleman – дворянин, аристократ

To be appointed to – быть назначенным на (должность)

To found – основать

To enrich – обогащать

To forestall - опережать

Eventually – в конце концов, в конечном итоге

To be memorialized – увековечить память

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was born on the 19th of November in 1711 near Kholmogory in the villageof Denisovka in the Archangelsk region. Lomonosov was the first Russian scientist of world importance. He had encyclopedic knowledge, interests and abilities. He was a poet, artist and historian.

He began his working life when he was still a boy. He was the son of a fisherman, so he often went with is father to the White Sea and to the Arctic Ocean. Misha learnt much about nature and about the life of his country. At an early age Lomonosov was eager to study and read every book he could find. Soon he could read by heart a few books that he had found.

At the age of 19 the young man left his house and went on foot to Moscow. Lomonosov wanted to have an education , so he chose to conceal his poor background. He pretended that he was a son of a nobleman to enter the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow. There he proved to be a brilliant student and five years later he was sent to the Gymnasium of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. It was in 1735. In 1736, he was sent to Germany to study mineralogy and chemistry. In 1742, he was appointed to a physics position at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences was highly respected in Europe. At that time foreign scientists worked there. For example: Lehman. Lomonosov became the first Russian professor of chemistry at the Academy in 1745.

M. Lomonosv founded the first chemical laboratory in 1748. His discoveries enriched many branches of knowledge. Lomonosov's ideas forestalled the science of that time. Lomonosov was also a great physicist, chemist and astronomer. He formulated the main principles of one of the basic laws of physics – the law of conservation of matter and motion (закон сохранения материи и движения). Besides this Lomonosov wrote poetry (verses) that had a great effect on the development of the Russian literary language.The first Russian grammar was written by him as well.

Lomonosov tried, but failed, to found a university in St. Petersburg. In 1755, he eventually succeeded in founding what now Moscow State University is. This university, officially named after Lomonosov, is at the apex of the Russian system of higher education.

Lomonosov was also made a member of the Swedish Academy of Science in 1760 and became a member of the Bologna Academy of Science in 1764. He occupies a central place in the history of Russian science. Lomonosov is memorialized in many place names - Arctic submarine ridge (водораздел), Atlantic current (течение), etc. The Russian Academy of Sciences awarded Lomonosov medals in scientific achievement - one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. In general, Lomonosov improved the quality of Russian science and education.

In 1765, Lomonosov caught a cold and died at the age of 54. He is buried in the cemetery of Alexander Nevsky Monastary in St. Petersburg, Russia.

M. Lomonosov was generally recognized as one of the most outstanding persons in the world in the 18^th century. He was a great patriot who loved his Motherland and wanted to make it a prosperous.

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