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Imperial period

In the early 1830s Russian inventors father and son Cherepanov built the first Russian steam locomotives. The first railroad track was built in Russia in 1837 between Saint-Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo. The Department of Railways was created in the Russian Empire in 1842. Russia’s first major railway line linked Saint-Petersburg and Moscow and was built between 1842 and 1851.

In the 1870s, Pavel Melnikov, Russia’s first Minister of Communications, played a key role in the expansion of the railway network throughout European Russia.

The Trans-Siberian Railway connecting European Russia with the Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and Japan was built between 1891 and 1916.

The marker for kilometer 9288 in Vladivostok.

During the First World War and the Russian Civil War more than 60% of the Russian railway network and more than 80% of the carriages and locomotives were destroyed. By 1917 the, railway network was 70000 km long. The freight trains ran at the speed of 30 kph and passenger trains reached 45-50 kph.

Soviet period

The development of railway transport was closely connec­ted with the GOELRO Plan with the construction of power plants and electri­fied railways. In 1926 an electric train started its first-run between Baku and Sabunchi. Another very important step was the development of the diesel locomotive. In the Soviet period People's Commissariat of Communicationsexpanded railway network to a total length of 106,100 km by 1940. During the Great Patriotic War the railway system played a great role transporting military to the frontlines and evacuating factories and towns from European Russia to the Ural region. After the war the Soviet railway network was re-built and expanded to more than 145,000 km

Russian Federation

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union its railway system broke up into national railway systems of former Soviet republics. In 2003 the Russian Government established the Russian Railways Public Corporation (RZD) with state holds 100% of the shares.

The current chief of the company is Oleg Belozyorov. There are plans for partial privatization of the company in the future.

3.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту письменно:

1. Why did the Russian Government establish the Russian Railways Public Corporation (RZD) in 2003?

2. How many employees work in RZD?

3. How many passengers travel via Russian Railways annually?

4. Who built the first Russian steam locomotives?

5. When was The Department of Railways created in the Russian Empire?

6. Who was Russia’s first Minister of Communications?

7. What important steps were done during the Soviet period of development of Russian railways?

8. Who is the current chief of the Russian Railways?

Imperial period

After the war the Soviet railway network was re-built.

The current chief of the company is Vladimir Yakunin.

The company is one of the biggest railway companies in the world.

The freight trains ran at the speed of 30 kph.

Almost 1.3 billion passengers and 1.3 billion tons of freight travel via Russian Railways annually.

During the First World War and the Russian Civil War many carriages and locomotives were destroyed.

The first railroad track was built in Russia in 1837 between Saint-Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.

There are plans for partial privatization of the company.

The Trans-Siberian Railway connecting European Russia with the Russian Far East.

The railway system played a great role transporting military to the frontlines

Soviet period

Russian Federation

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