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Продуктивные префиксы современного английского языка
Исконные
| префикс
| значение
| стилистическая
окраска
| | a-
stative-forming
| the idea of being in the stated condition or way (anew, astream, aloud)
| neutral
| | after-
| coming or happening afterwards (aftercare, afternoon)
| neutral
| | be-
| the idea of treating as the stated thing (befriend)
the idea of wearing the stated thing (bespectacled)
completely, thoroughly (to besmear)
| neutral
literary
literary
| | mis-
| the idea of failing to do sth (misbelieve, misdeed)
| neutral
| | out-
| the idea of exceeding, surpassing, outside (outlive, outgrow, outsleep)
| neutral
| | over-
| the idea of being above, exceeding (overtake, overlook, overeat)
| neutral
| | un-
| the idea of negation (unable)
the idea of reversal of an action (untie, undo)
| neutral
| | under-
| the idea of being underneath, insufficient, subordinate to (undertake, undernourish)
| neutral
| | up-
| the idea of moving upwards (uplift, upstairs)
| neutral
|
Заимствованные
| префикс
| значение
| стилистическая
окраска,
этимология
| | anti-/ante-
| opposite, against, instead (antitype, antisocialist)
| neutral
Greek
| | co-/con-/com-
| the idea of being together (cooperate)
| neutral
Romanic
| | counter-/
contra-/
contro-
| against, contrary, in opposition
(contradict, counterattack)
| neutral
Romanic
| | de-
| the idea of moving down (decrease)
the idea of separation (depart)
the idea of reversal of the action (demerit)
| neutral
Romanic
| | dis-
| separation (dismiss)
reversal, undoing, negation or depriving (dishonesty)
| neutral
Romanic
| | ex-
| the idea of former (exwife)
the idea of being beyond (exceed, export)
| neutral
Romanic
| | extra-
| the idea of being beyond or outside of (extraordinary)
| neutral
Romanic
| | hyper-
| the idea of exceeding (hypersensitive)
| neutral
Greek
| | in-/il-/ir-/im-
| the idea of negation (inability)
| neutral
Romanic
| | inter-
| the idea of being together, between, among (international)
| neutral
Romanic
| | non-
| the idea of negation
(non-stop)
| neutral
Romanic
| | post-
| the idea of being after, later (postwar, postpone)
| neutral
Romanic
| | pre-
| the idea of priority (prewar, prearranged)
| neutral
Romanic
| | pro-
| the idea of being in favour of (pro-American)
| neutral
Romanic
| | re-
| the idea of repetition (rewrite, reunited)
| neutral
Romanic
| | retro-
| the idea of moving or being backwards (retroaction)
| neutral
Romanic
| | sub-
| the idea of being under, below, beneath (submarine)
the idea of being subordinate to, inferior in rank (subeditor)
| neutral
Romanic
| | super-
| the idea of above, over, exceeding (supernatural)
| neutral
Romanic
| | trans-
| the idea of being over, through, across, beyond (transcontinental)
| neutral
Romanic
| | ultra-
| the idea of being excessive, uncommon (ultramodern)
| neutral
Romanic
| | vice-
| the idea of being instead of, in place of (vice-president)
| neutral
Romanic
|
Непродуктивные суффиксы современного английского языка
Исконные
| суффикс
| значение
| валентность
| стилистическая
окраска
| | -fold
adj-forming
adv-forming
| the idea of multiplication or increase in geometrical ratio (twofold, manifold)
| numeral-stems
| neutral
| | -long
adv-forming
| (headlong, sidelong)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| | -some
adj-forming
| the idea of similarity (troublesome, tiresome)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| | -th
noun-forming
| the idea of state or quality (strength)
| adj-stems
| neutral
| | -ward
adv-forming
| the idea of direction or course (downward, sideward)
| noun-stems
| neutral
| | -y
noun-forming
| the idea of the result of the action (perjury)
|
| neutral
|
Заимствованные
| суффикс
| значение
| валентность
| стилистическая
окраска,
этимология
| | -ade
noun-forming
| the idea of the action, product of the action (colonnade, brigade)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -age
noun-forming
| the idea of act or process (marriage)
collection (postage)
the idea of the action (leakage)
the idea of a person (hostage)
| noun-stems
verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ance/-ence
noun-forming
| the idea of the action, state or quality (guidance, arrogance, obedience)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ancy/-ency
noun-forming
| the idea of state or quality (expectancy, hesitancy)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ant/-ent
adj-forming
noun-forming
| the idea of presence of some quality (pleasant)
the agent of the action (servant, student)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ar
noun-forming
| the idea of belonging to, pertaining to, like (nuclear, beggar)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ard/-art
noun-forming
| the idea of someone with a stated quality (drunkard)
| verb-stems
| derogatory
Romanic
| | -ary
adj-forming
| the idea of pertaining to, of the kind or nature of (necessary, contrary)
|
| neutral
Romanic
| | -asm
noun-forming
| abstract nouns (enthusiasm)
|
| neutral
Greek
| | -ast
noun-forming
| agent of the action (enthusiast, gymnast)
|
| neutral
Greek
| | -ate
verb-stems
| forms causative verbs (agitate, graduate)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ate/-at
noun-forming
| chemical terms (nitrate)
the idea of a function or person (magnate, diplomat)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -cy
noun-forming
| the idea of state, condition, office (idiocy, bankruptcy)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -er
noun-forming
| the idea of a person or thing connected with (officer, grocer, butler)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -esque
adj-forming
| the idea of the manner of, style of (picturesque)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ia
noun-forming
| terms of botany and pathology (hydrophobia)
|
| technical
Greek
| | -ic
adj-forming
| the idea of pertaining to, of the nature of, belonging to (Celtic, domestic)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ice
noun-forming
| the idea of an act, quality, condition (service, justice)
| verb-stems
adj-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ine
noun-forming
| feminine names (heroine)
|
| neutral
Greek
| | -ine/-in
noun-forming
| the idea of imitation, derivative products (chlorine, bulletin)
| noun-stems
| formal
technical
Romanic
| | -ive
noun-forming
adj-forming
| having a nature or quality of a thing (affirmative, detective)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -mony
noun-forming
| the idea of result or abstract condition (ceremony, matrimony)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -oid
noun-forming
| the idea of similarity (humanoid)
| adj-stems
| technical
Greek
| | -or
noun-forming
| the idea of agent or person (actor, professor)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ory
noun-forming
| the idea of a place (observatory, directory)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -our/-eur
noun-forming
| the idea of agent or person
(amateur)
the idea of quality or state (behaviour, favour)
| verb-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ous
adj-forming
| the idea of the nature of, full of, characterized by (glorious, joyous)
| noun-stems
| neutral
Romanic
| | -tude
noun-forming
| state, condition, quality, degree (attitude, fortitude, gratitude)
|
| neutral
Romanic
| | -ure
noun-forming
| act, process, being, result, state, rank (culture, furniture, picture, figure)
|
| neutral
Romanic
| | -y
noun-forming
| abstract nouns (academy)
|
| neutral
Greek
|
|
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